“…The first version of the Korean DLOQ was translated using literal combinations of two doctoral dissertations of Korean colleagues and one conference research article (Joo, 2007;Lim, 2003). The DLOQ (Watkins & Marsick, 1997) has been adapted and translated into Korean through the four steps of scrupulous translation: forward translation, assessment, backward translation, and assessment based on the criteria of clarity, common language, and cultural adequacy (Harkness, van de Vijver, & Mohler, 2003;Presser, Rothgeb, Couper, Lessler, Martin, & Singer, 2004).…”