Relationships among Phenotypic, Chemical and Genetic Characteristics of Some Selected and Evaluated Carob Strains (Ceratonia siliqua)

Abstract

This study was conducted to assess the morphological, chemical and genetical diversity among eight carob female strains through two successive seasons (2011 and 2012) in Bourg El-Arab region of Alexandria governorate. The analyzed strains were highly significant for characters of pod weight fruit shape. Strains 2 and 4 always detected the highest approximated yield; this yield ranged from 26 to 28Kg/ tree. The obtained resultsof chemical composition (protein, sugar, tannin, total sugar, flavonoid and total phenol content) exhibit significant differences. RAPD primers tested with the DNA of the eight carob strain, revealed percentage of polymorphism ranged from 10% (OPZ19) to 84.62% (OPA10). Moreover, eleven unique markers were identified with the tested strains. Dendrograms based upon chemical and genetical data clustered almost the same strains in the same group reflecting a relationship between chemical and genetical characteristics.

Pod Morphology, Primary and Secondary Metabolite Profiles in Non-grafted and Grafted Carob Germplasm Are Configured by Agro-Environmental Zone, Genotype, and Growing Season

“… Farag et al (2019) reported that tannins and flavonoids were the major compounds for discriminating carob samples of different origin. Previous studies reported significant differences between varieties or environments for condensed tannins, total phenolic content and antioxidant activity ( Avallone et al, 1997 ; Custodio et al, 2011 ; Benchikh et al, 2014 ; Nahla, 2014 ; El Bouzdoudi et al, 2016 ; Othmen et al, 2019 ), nevertheless the reported variation between varieties or environments was larger in the present study, likely due to the extensive sampling performed in different agro-environments. Despite the high agro-environmental effect, substantial variation was also observed within each agro-environment ( Figure 6 ) indicating the presence of genetic variation for these traits.…”

“…Furthermore, annual variation in climatic conditions may have a significant effect on productivity ( Orphanos, 1980 ), hence putatively also on compositional traits. However, very few studies have investigated the environmental effect on carob compositional traits ( Avallone et al, 1997 ; El Bouzdoudi et al, 2016 ; Farag et al, 2019 ; Othmen et al, 2019 ) while information concerning the seasonal effect on compositional traits remains scarce ( Nahla, 2014 ; Correia et al, 2018 ).…”

Breeding Innovations in Underutilized Temperate Fruit Trees

“…Farag et al (2019) reported that tannins and flavonoids were the major compounds for discriminating carob samples of different origin. Previous studies reported significant differences between varieties or environments for condensed tannins, total phenolic content and antioxidant activity (Avallone et al, 1997;Custodio et al, 2011;Benchikh et al, 2014;Nahla, 2014;El Bouzdoudi et al, 2016;Othmen et al, 2019), nevertheless the reported variation between varieties or environments was larger in the present study, likely due to the extensive sampling performed in different agro-environments. Despite the high agroenvironmental effect, substantial variation was also observed within each agro-environment (Figure 6) indicating the presence of genetic variation for these traits.…”

“…Furthermore, annual variation in climatic conditions may have a significant effect on productivity (Orphanos, 1980), hence putatively also on compositional traits. However, very few studies have investigated the environmental effect on carob compositional traits (Avallone et al, 1997;El Bouzdoudi et al, 2016;Farag et al, 2019;Othmen et al, 2019) while information concerning the seasonal effect on compositional traits remains scarce (Nahla, 2014;Correia et al, 2018).…”