Relationships between Antioxidants and Quality Characteristics from Velvet Antlers of Formosan Sambar Deer

Abstract

The quality characteristics of velvet antlers obtained from Formosan sambar deer (Cervus unicolor Swinhoi) (SDVA), harvested from 63 to 81 d during the velvet antler growth period, were evaluated by investigating the relationships between antioxidant levels; including content, activity, and content/activity ratios, and physical properties; including shear force values, color, and Ca content. The hardness of samples from base velvet antler sections increased, and that the color of these samples tended to become reddish-yellow (redder and more yellow), suggesting that the Ca content in the base section of the sample was not ossified yet. Samples from the upper sections of velvet antler showed higher superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) content (3.91 to 1.50 mg/mL, 2.53 to 0.90 mg/mL, and 3.95 to 1.58 mg/mL, respectively) than did samples from the middle and base sections (p<0.05). The activity and content/activity ratios of GPX measured in the upper section were also found to be significantly greater than in the middle and base sections (p<0.05). We further observed that the content and activity of GPX was significantly and negatively correlated with Ca content, shear force values, and the content/activity ratio of this antioxidant (p<0.01). The study findings may serve as a reference index for quality evaluations of velvet antlers of Formosan sambar deer in future.

Comparison of anti-inflammatory effect and protein profile between the water extracts from Formosan sambar deer and red deer

“…The appearance and composition differences between slides of SVA and RVA might be partly due to the harvested method and growing period of the velvet antlers. Cheng et al [ 18 ] indicated that the hardness of VA sections increased, and that the color of these samples tended to become reddish-yellow due to the Ca content in the base section without ossifying. Jeon et al [ 19 ] also indicated that growth periods of antlers affected the chemical compositions of VA.…”

Optimization and Pretreatment for Hot Water Extraction of Korean Deer (Cervus canadensis Erxleben) Velvet Antlers

“…Among TCM treatments, deer velvet antler (VA) has been exploited for medicinal purpose for more than 2,000 years and possesses various pharmacological benefits, such as improvement of the physical strength, sexual function, and immunity [ 2 , 7 ]. VA has a cartilaginous composition and is usually found in members of Cervidae family, which includes elk, deer, moose, and caribou [ 7 ]. The global supply of antlers usually comes from the red deer ( Cervus elaphus ), sika deer ( C. nippon ), elk ( C. canadensis ), or wapiti ( Elaphurus davidianus ).…”

Characterization of hot water extract from Korean deer velvet antler (Cervus canadensis Erxleben)

“…Su-Hyeon Kim 1 , Kashif Ameer 2,3 , Jun-Hyun Oh 4 , Mi-Kyung Park 1,5 * several pharmacological benefits for immune, cardiovascular, nervous and reproductive systems and are used frequently to develop functional foods, nutraceutical supplements and other medicinal products (Jang et al, 2020;. Bioactive compounds from animal sources include essential oils, vitamins, minerals, dietary fiber, peptides, protaglandinds, glycoaminoglycans, proteins and fatty acids (Cheng et al, 2017). All these bioactive compounds are widely employed in pharmaceutical sector to prepare medicines and supplements to mitigate lifestyle related disorders (Sui et al, 2014;.…”