“…In studies of Western populations with PD: (a) multiple catastrophic cognitions occur during panic events (Clum et al, 1990); (b) the feared symptoms correlate to the feared catastrophic cognitions (Warren, Zgourides, & Englert, 1990); (c) PA intensity correlates with the severity of associated catastrophic cognitions (Hedley, Hoffart, Dammen, Ekeberg, & Friis, 2000); and (d) in respiratory challenge studies (e.g., hyperventilation and carbon dioxide inhalation), fear of physical sensations best predicts the fear response (Brown, Smits, Powers, & Telch, 2003;Zinbarg, Brown, Barlow, & Rapee, 2001). In an orthostatic challenge study with Cambodian patients, a catastrophic cognitions scale predicted the number of induced panic symptoms (Hinton, Pich, So, et al, 2004).…”