Relationships between childhood growth parameters and adult blood pressure: the Fels Longitudinal Study

Sabo, Roy; Wang, A.; Deng, Yangyang; Sabo, Cynthia; Sun, Shumei S.

doi:10.1017/s2040174416000520

Cited by 14 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…It has also been hypothesized that obesity during childhood affects growth [ 2 , 3 ]. Alterations in linear growth were reported to be associated with more adverse adult cardiovascular risk profile implying that advanced early linear growth is related to negative cardiovascular health outcomes such as coronary heart disease, even independently from body mass index (BMI) [ 4 , 5 ]. Furthermore, more detailed insight into the dynamic association between body weight and growth may contribute to the understanding of the complex relationships of energy balance, hormonal milieu, and growth in the development of obesity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamic alterations in linear growth and endocrine parameters in children with obesity and height reference values

Kempf¹,

Vogel²,

Vogel³

et al. 2021

eClinicalMedicine

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Background: Obesity can affect linear growth of children but there is uncertainty regarding the dynamics and potential causes. Methods: In the population-based LIFE Child and the obesity-enriched Leipzig Obesity Childhood cohorts (8,629 children, 37,493 measurements), recruited from 1999 to 2018 in Germany, we compared height, growth, and endocrine parameters between normal-weight and children with obesity (0À20 years). Derived from the independent German CrescNet registry (12,703 children) we generated height reference values specific for children with obesity (data collected from 1999 to 2020). Findings: Children with obesity were significantly taller than normal-weight peers, differing at maximum by 7¢6 cm (1¢4 height, standard deviation scores or SDS) at age 6À8 years. Already at birth, children with obesity were slightly taller and thereafter had increased growth velocities by up to 1¢2 cm/year. This growth acceleration was unrelated to parental height, but was accompanied by increased levels of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), insulin and leptin. During puberty, children with obesity showed a catch-down in height SDS. The reduction in pubertal growth velocity by up to 25% coincided with a decrease in levels of IGF-1 (by 17%) and testosterone (by 62%) in boys and estradiol (by 37%) in girls. We confirmed these alterations in growth in the independent CrescNet cohort and furthermore provide height reference values for children with obesity for open access. Interpretation: Dynamics of linear growth are altered distinctively in different developmental phases in children with obesity. Early emergence before other profound comorbidities implies predisposition, environmental, and/or endocrine factors affecting growth in early life. Height reference values for children with obesity may enhance the precision of clinical health surveillance.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamic alterations in linear growth and endocrine parameters in children with obesity and height reference values

Kempf¹,

Vogel²,

Vogel³

et al. 2021

eClinicalMedicine

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show abstract

“…It should be noted that BMI changes rapidly in childhood [16]. Recent evidence has suggested that there are varied BMI changing patterns among children, which may bring different health outcomes [17][18][19]. BMI measurements in the majority of existed epidemiological studies were just be performed at one or limited occasions [20,21], which may be insufficient to explain the risk of hypertension.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Body Mass Index Trajectories during 6–18 Years Old and the Risk of Hypertension in Young Adult: A Longitudinal Study in Chinese Population

Teng

Hu²,

et al. 2021

International Journal of Hypertension

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Background. Overweight/obesity in childhood is suggested to increase the risk of hypertension later in life. We aimed to assess whether and how body mass index (BMI) trajectories during 6–18 years of age are associated with hypertension in young adulthood (18–37 years) in the Chinese population. Methods. Based on the China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS), a total of 1,872 participants who received ≥2 measurements of BMI during 6–18 years and had assessment of blood pressure (BP) in young adulthood were included. BMI trajectories were explored using latent class growth mixture models, and associations between identified trajectories with hypertension in young adulthood were examined by logistic regression analyses. Results. Five heterogeneous BMI trajectories were identified: the low slow-increasing (20.03%), low moderate-increasing (56.14%), low rapid-increasing (17.04%), moderate-increasing (3.63%), and elevated-decreasing (3.15%) groups. Compared with the low slow-increasing group, another three increasing groups had gradually elevated risk of hypertension, yielding maximally adjusted odds ratio (95% confidence interval) (OR (95% CI)) of 2.48 (1.39–4.42), 3.24 (1.66–6.31), and 3.28 (1.19–9.08), respectively, whereas the elevated-decreasing group reversed overweight/obesity to normal weight in childhood, rendering its association with hypertension as not statistically significant (OR (95% CI) = 2.74 (0.98–7.65)). Conclusion. Our study indicates that there are varied BMI trajectories from childhood to adulthood and that an elevated BMI trajectory during childhood is related with an increased risk of hypertension in young adulthood. In contrast, weight loss of children with high initial BMI may mitigate or reverse the risk. Our findings emphasize the importance of BMI continuous monitoring during early life.

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“…Specifically, birth weight, early height growth and early BMI growth were each associated with higher blood pressure in adulthood, and greater weight gain throughout childhood has been associated with greater adult adiposity. 3,38,39 Studies in a series of low and middle-income countries (LMICs), including South Africa, illustrated associations between both lower birth weight and increased weight gain after age 2 years with higher adult glucose intolerance. 4 Our study suggests that while increased growth from age 2 to 5 years may be associated with greater risk of multiple morbidities as expressed through high AL score, there is not a consistent association between early growth (0-2 years) and increased morbidity in early adulthood.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Associations of early-life growth with health using an allostatic load score in young, urban African adults: Birth to Twenty Plus Cohort

McGowan

Norris

2019

J Dev Orig Health Dis

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AbstractGrowth in early life is associated with various individual health outcomes in adulthood, but limited research has been done on associations with a more comprehensive measure of health. Combining information from multiple biological systems, allostatic load (AL) provides such a quantitative measure of overall physiological health. We used longitudinal data from the Birth to Twenty Plus cohort in South Africa to calculate an AL score at age 22 years and examined associations with birth weight and linear growth and weight gain from age 0 to 2 years and 2 to 5 years, as attenuated by trajectories of body mass index and pubertal development in later childhood and adolescence. Differences in total AL score between males and females were small, though levels of individual biological factors contributing to AL differed by sex. Increased weight gain from age 2 to 5 years among males was associated with an increased risk of high AL, but no other early-life measures were associated with AL. Increased adiposity through childhood and adolescence in females was associated with higher AL in early adulthood. These results illustrate that patterns of early-life growth are not consistently associated with higher AL. While more research is needed to link AL in young adulthood to later health outcomes, these results also suggest increased adiposity during childhood and adolescence represents a potential early sign of later physiological risk.

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Relationships between childhood growth parameters and adult blood pressure: the Fels Longitudinal Study

Cited by 14 publications

References 29 publications

Dynamic alterations in linear growth and endocrine parameters in children with obesity and height reference values

Dynamic alterations in linear growth and endocrine parameters in children with obesity and height reference values

Body Mass Index Trajectories during 6–18 Years Old and the Risk of Hypertension in Young Adult: A Longitudinal Study in Chinese Population

Associations of early-life growth with health using an allostatic load score in young, urban African adults: Birth to Twenty Plus Cohort

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