Relationships between dual-task related changes in stride velocity and stride time variability in healthy older adults

Dubost, Véronique; Kressig, Reto W.; Gonthier, R.; Herrmann, Françoís; Aminian, Kamiar; Najafi, Bijan; Beauchet, Olivier

doi:10.1016/j.humov.2006.03.004

Cited by 200 publications

(195 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…In older adults, interference caused by competing demands for attentional resources has been demonstrated when gait is performed simultaneously with a cognitive task (i.e., dual-task paradigm). Studies have reported either increased step-to-step variability of gait parameters (e.g., step velocity, step time, and step length) or cognitive performance decrements under dual-task conditions (Beauchet et al 2005a;Dubost et al 2006;Hollman et al 2007). The decline in performance of either gait or cognitive processing relative to either task performed alone gives evidence that the concurrent tasks compete for attentional resources with aging.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of aging on the relationship between cognitive demand and step variability during dual-task walking

Decker

Cignetti

Hunt

et al. 2016

AGE

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A U-shaped relationship between cognitive demand and gait control may exist in dual-task situations, reflecting opposing effects of external focus of attention and attentional resource competition. The purpose of the study was twofold: to examine whether gait control, as evaluated from step-to-step variability, is related to cognitive task difficulty in a U-shaped manner and to determine whether age modifies this relationship. Young and older adults walked on a treadmill without attentional requirement and while performing a dichotic listening task under three attention conditions: nonforced (NF), forced-right (FR), and forced-left (FL). The conditions increased in their attentional demand and requirement for inhibitory control. Gait control was evaluated by the variability of step parameters related to balance control (step width) and rhythmic stepping pattern (step length and step time). A Ushaped relationship was found for step width variability in both young and older adults and for step time variability in older adults only. Cognitive performance during dual tasking was maintained in both young and older adults. The U-shaped relationship, which presumably results from a trade-off between an external focus of attention and competition for attentional resources, implies that higher-level cognitive processes are involved in walking in young and older adults. Specifically, while these processes are initially involved only in the control of (lateral) balance during gait, they become necessary for the control of (fore-aft) rhythmic stepping pattern in older adults, suggesting that attentional resources turn out to be needed in all facets of walking with aging. Finally, despite the cognitive resources required by walking, both young and older adults spontaneously adopted a Bposture second^strategy, prioritizing the cognitive task over the gait task.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of aging on the relationship between cognitive demand and step variability during dual-task walking

Decker

Cignetti

Hunt

et al. 2016

AGE

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“…3,4,8,11,35 More importantly, the age difference didn't increase noticeably when the task check was added; thus, the need to evaluate tactile and proprioceptive information from the hand, and to program precise finger movements, seems not to produce agerelated walking deficits beyond those already present under single-task conditions. Likewise, the age difference on task check didn't increase when subjects concurrently walked.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Role of motor skills and visual demand for age-related deficits in dual-task walking

Beurskens¹,

Bock²

2011

Ageing Res

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Previous studies suggested that age-related deficits of walking are accentuated under dualtask conditions when the non-walking task is visually demanding. Here we evaluate whether a requirement for manual skills is critical as well. Young (22±2 years) and older (69±3 years) subjects walked along a straight path while performing a task that required manual skills but no visual processing, i.e., checking off boxes on a handheld panel without seeing the arm, or a task that required visual processing but no manual skill , i.e., a Stroop-like task with verbal responses. We found that the checking task affected the performance of young and elderly subjects to a similar degree, while the Stroop-like task affected seniors' performance more than that of young subjects. This outcome confirms the role of visual demand for age-related deficits of dual-task walking (in the Stroop-like task), but doesn't support a similar role for manual skills (in the checking task).

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“…Additionally these secondary tasks have been shown to alter gait characteristics and even lead to freezing or falls (for comprehensive reviews see Woollacott and Shumway-Cook, 2002;and Yogev-Seligmann et al, 2008). Thus, cognitive tasks such as verbal fluency (Dubost et al, 2006), fine-motor movements (Yang et al, 2007), and arithmetics (van Iersel et al, 2007) have been shown to alter gait characteristics ranging from walking velocity, over stride-variability in length, time, or width, to stride-asymmetry ( (Dubost et al, 2006;Yang et al, 2007); van Iersel et al, 2007). While there is a growing literature on the effects of cognitive loading on gait characteristics as well as postural control little is known about its effects on the sense of agency for movements (neither for the arm nor the entire body).…”

Section: The Neuroscience Of Gait and Agencymentioning

confidence: 99%

Agency, gait and self-consciousness

Kannape

Blanke

2012

International Journal of Psychophysiology

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Agency is an important aspect of bodily self-consciousness, allowing us to separate own movements from those induced by the environment and to distinguish own movements from those of other agents. Unsurprisingly, theoretical frameworks for agency such as central monitoring are closely tied to computational models of sensorimotor control. Until recently agency research has largely focussed on goal-directed movements of the upper limbs. In particular, the influence of performance-related sensory cues and the relevance of prediction signals for agency judgements have been studied through a variety of spatio-temporal mismatches between movement and the sensory consequences of movement. However, agents often perform a different type of movement; highly automated movements that involve the entire body such as walking, cycling, and swimming with potentially different agency mechanisms. Here, we review recent work about agency for full-body movements such as gait, highlighting the effects of performance-related visual and auditory cues on gait agency. Gait movements differ from upper limb actions. Gait is cyclic, more rarely immediately goal-directed, and is generally considered one of the most automatic and unconscious actions. We discuss such movement differences with respect to the functional mechanisms of full-body agency and body-part agency by linking these gait agency paradigms to computational models of motor control. This is followed by a selective review of gait control, locomotion, and models of motor control relying on prediction signals and underlining their relevance for full-body agency.

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Relationships between dual-task related changes in stride velocity and stride time variability in healthy older adults

Cited by 200 publications

References 35 publications

Effects of aging on the relationship between cognitive demand and step variability during dual-task walking

Effects of aging on the relationship between cognitive demand and step variability during dual-task walking

Role of motor skills and visual demand for age-related deficits in dual-task walking

Agency, gait and self-consciousness

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