Relationships Between Melatonin, Glutathione Peroxidase, Glutathione Reductase, and Catalase

Agapito, M. T.; Redondo, Isabel M.; Bustamante, R.; López‐Burillo, Silvia; Recio, J.M.; Pablos, Marta I.

doi:10.1007/0-306-46814-x_43

Cited by 14 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…The positive effect of hepatoprotectors results in an overall increase in GAS, including conjugation (GST) function. Melatonin promotes the NADPH‐dependent GSSG reduction by GRx , surpassing the needs for GSH , which is consistent with higher GRx activity in the presence of melaxen. The increase in GSH and aMT6s support these observations and indicate that melatonin activity can be connected with the expression of antioxidant enzymes .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 75%

Effects of Melatonin‐Aided Therapy on the Glutathione Antioxidant System Activity and Liver Protection

Popov

Shulgin

Попова

et al. 2015

J Biochem & Molecular Tox

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Acute hepatitis results from oxidative stress triggered by hepatotoxic drugs causing liver injury and the activation of caspases cascade. The glutathione antioxidant system protects against reactive oxygen species and mitigates development of these processes. The effectiveness of silymarin, a polyphenolic flavonoid, essenthiale, composed of phosphatidyl choline, and melaxen, a melatonin-correcting drug, as hepatoprotectors has been investigated. The variation of 6-sulfatoxymelatonin (aMT6s), resulting from the biotransformation of melatonin, and GSH has been measured. The activities of caspase-1 and caspase-3, glutathione antioxidant system, and NADPH-generating enzymes were determined. The aMT6s decreases in patients with drug hepatitis and recovers with administration of mexalen. GSH increased in the presence of the studied hepatoprotectors. Pathologically activated caspase-1 and caspase-3 decreased their activities in the presence of hepatoprotectors with melaxen showing the highest effect. The positive effect of melatonin appears to be related to the suppression of decompensation of the glutathione antioxidant system functions, recovery of liver redox status, and the attenuation of inhibition of the NADPH supply.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 75%

Effects of Melatonin‐Aided Therapy on the Glutathione Antioxidant System Activity and Liver Protection

Popov

Shulgin

Попова

et al. 2015

J Biochem & Molecular Tox

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“…Since then, GSH circadian oscillation has been confirmed in many studies across several different species, including rat, mouse, crayfish, and human (6,11,51,82). Further studies have shown that GSSG also shows daily patterns of expression, as well as the enzymes GPx, GR, and GST (1,6,11,37,42,100,109). With the exception of one study in the mouse liver (81), rodent studies in liver and brain tissue have shown an acrophase (time of peak expression) for GSH expression during the middle of the light phase (42,43,179), while humans show an acrophase at the end of the night (6).…”

Section: Rhythmicity Of the Cellular Antioxidant System: Patterns Of mentioning

confidence: 81%

Circadian Rhythm Connections to Oxidative Stress: Implications for Human Health

Wilking

Ndiaye²,

Mukhtar³

et al. 2013

Antioxidants & Redox Signaling

247

192

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Significance: Oxygen and circadian rhythmicity are essential in a myriad of physiological processes to maintain homeostasis, from blood pressure and sleep/wake cycles, down to cellular signaling pathways that play critical roles in health and disease. If the human body or cells experience significant stress, their ability to regulate internal systems, including redox levels and circadian rhythms, may become impaired. At cellular as well as organismal levels, impairment in redox regulation and circadian rhythms may lead to a number of adverse effects, including the manifestation of a variety of diseases such as heart diseases, neurodegenerative conditions, and cancer. Recent Advances: Researchers have come to an understanding as to the basics of the circadian rhythm mechanism, as well as the importance of the numerous species of oxidative stress components. The effects of oxidative stress and dysregulated circadian rhythms have been a subject of intense investigations since they were first discovered, and recent investigations into the molecular mechanisms linking the two have started to elucidate the bases of their connection. Critical Issues: While much is known about the mechanics and importance of oxidative stress systems and circadian rhythms, the front where they interact has had very little research focused on it. This review discusses the idea that these two systems are together intricately involved in the healthy body, as well as in disease. Future Directions: We believe that for a more efficacious management of diseases that have both circadian rhythm and oxidative stress components in their pathogenesis, targeting both systems in tandem would be far more successful.

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“…While activities or gene expression of enzymes like Cu,Zn- and Mn-superoxide dismutases and hemoperoxidase/catalase were stimulated by melatonin in a highly variable, tissue-specific fashion and usually only moderately in the CNS [ 40 , 41 ], glutathione peroxidase was consistently and considerably upregulated in the brain [ 40 , 41 , 160 , 172 , 173 ]. Glutathione reductase was usually found to rise after glutathione peroxidase, perhaps reflecting a secondary control by GSSG [ 40 , 174 - 177 ][ 178 ]. Additional stimulations of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase [ 176 ] and γ-glutamylcysteine synthase [ 79 , 161 , 177 ] indirectly support the action of glutathione peroxidase by providing reducing equivalents (NADPH) for the action of glutathione reductase and by increasing the rate of glutathione synthesis, respectively.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Melatonin in Alzheimer's disease and other neurodegenerative disorders

et al. 2006

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Increased oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction have been identified as common pathophysiological phenomena associated with neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD) and Huntington's disease (HD). As the age-related decline in the production of melatonin may contribute to increased levels of oxidative stress in the elderly, the role of this neuroprotective agent is attracting increasing attention. Melatonin has multiple actions as a regulator of antioxidant and prooxidant enzymes, radical scavenger and antagonist of mitochondrial radical formation. The ability of melatonin and its kynuramine metabolites to interact directly with the electron transport chain by increasing the electron flow and reducing electron leakage are unique features by which melatonin is able to increase the survival of neurons under enhanced oxidative stress. Moreover, antifibrillogenic actions have been demonstrated in vitro, also in the presence of profibrillogenic apoE4 or apoE3, and in vivo, in a transgenic mouse model. Amyloid-β toxicity is antagonized by melatonin and one of its kynuramine metabolites. Cytoskeletal disorganization and protein hyperphosphorylation, as induced in several cell-line models, have been attenuated by melatonin, effects comprising stress kinase downregulation and extending to neurotrophin expression. Various experimental models of AD, PD and HD indicate the usefulness of melatonin in antagonizing disease progression and/or mitigating some of the symptoms. Melatonin secretion has been found to be altered in AD and PD. Attempts to compensate for age- and disease-dependent melatonin deficiency have shown that administration of this compound can improve sleep efficiency in AD and PD and, to some extent, cognitive function in AD patients. Exogenous melatonin has also been reported to alleviate behavioral symptoms such as sundowning. Taken together, these findings suggest that melatonin, its analogues and kynuric metabolites may have potential value in prevention and treatment of AD and other neurodegenerative disorders.

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Relationships Between Melatonin, Glutathione Peroxidase, Glutathione Reductase, and Catalase

Cited by 14 publications

References 11 publications

Effects of Melatonin‐Aided Therapy on the Glutathione Antioxidant System Activity and Liver Protection

Effects of Melatonin‐Aided Therapy on the Glutathione Antioxidant System Activity and Liver Protection

Circadian Rhythm Connections to Oxidative Stress: Implications for Human Health

Melatonin in Alzheimer's disease and other neurodegenerative disorders

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