Relationships between meteorological situations and acid rain in Spanish Basque country

Ezcurra, A.; Casado, H.; Lacaux, J.P.; Garcı́a, Carlos

doi:10.1016/0004-6981(88)90445-3

Cited by 70 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Much nss-Ca 2+ was contained in the rainwater when yellow sand was observed. It showed highly positive correlation with nss-SO 4 2-and Pb (r = 0.515, 0.535, respectively, p<0.01).…”

Section: R1 (%)mentioning

confidence: 90%

“…. The ions and trace metals that showed highly positive correlation with NH 4 + were F -, NO 3 -, nss-SO 4 2-, Al, Fe, Mn, Pb, and Zn (r = 0.525 -0.950, p<0.01). Their main source was regarded as anthropogenic pollution.…”

Section: R1 (%)mentioning

confidence: 96%

“…The study showed that the pressure pattern and the atmospheric air inflow at the precipitation influenced the precipitation water quality. The concentrations of NO 3 -, SO 4 2-and NH 4 + were high with highly acid precipitation, which pointed out that acidification was highly influenced by industrial areas in the south of France and the north of Spain. Regarding acid rain in Japan, harm to the human body such as eye irritation from rain drizzle, was reported in Shizuoka and Yamanashi prefectures in 1973 5) .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…It has been regarded as a global environmental destruction problem 2) . The acidification substances of NO 3 -and SO 4 2-are known to be generated from nitrogen oxide and sulfur oxide emitted by the combustion of fossil fuels.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, acidity in the northeast region had increased 3) . Ezcurra et al 4) reported the precipitation water quality of 52 rain events in 1986 in Basque Provinces in Spain. The study showed that the pressure pattern and the atmospheric air inflow at the precipitation influenced the precipitation water quality.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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FLUCTUATION OF ION COMPONENTS, TRACE METALS, AND Pb/Zn RATIO IN PRECIPITATION AT TSU CITY

et al. 2014

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To elucidate the air pollution, its features, its sources, and the influence of yellow sand (kosa) in Tsu City, the ion components and trace metals in precipitation at Mie University were measured along with their temporal changes. From the obtained correlation coefficients and the results of the principal component analysis, the ions and the trace metals in the precipitation were classified into three groups: the SSI group (the ions of Cl -, Na + , K + , Mg 2+ , ss-SO 4 2-and ss-Ca 2+ , of which the main sources were sea salt); the ASI group (the ions of F -, NO 3 -, NH 4 + , nss-SO 4 2-and nss-Ca 2+ , of which the main sources were anthropogenic pollution and soil); and the ASM group (trace metals of Al, Fe, Mn, Pb, and Zn, of which the main sources were anthropogenic pollution and soil). The concentrations of the SSI group tended to be higher with increased wind velocity. Results suggest that seawater was raised into the atmosphere in proportion to the wind velocity, and that the sea salt ions were transported and increased in the precipitation. The effects of long-range transport and local pollution on the pollutants and the soil elements in the precipitation were discussed from measurements of the concentration ratios of Pb and Zn (Pb/Zn) and backward trajectory analysis. The concentrations of ion components and trace metals during the rain events in Tsu City, Mie generally decreased over time. The condensed pollutants in the air are regarded as removed in the initial period of the rain events. We can confirm that the concentration ratios (Pb/Zn ratios) are almost identical to reported values for rain clouds through Japan. Only one day showed high rates of pollutants, but it is presumed to be not the effect of kosa but of the industrial zone to the north east of Tsu City.

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“…Much nss-Ca 2+ was contained in the rainwater when yellow sand was observed. It showed highly positive correlation with nss-SO 4 2-and Pb (r = 0.515, 0.535, respectively, p<0.01).…”

Section: R1 (%)mentioning

confidence: 90%

Section: R1 (%)mentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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FLUCTUATION OF ION COMPONENTS, TRACE METALS, AND Pb/Zn RATIO IN PRECIPITATION AT TSU CITY

et al. 2014

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The Chemistry of Precipitation in Israel

Singer

1994

Israel Journal of Chemistry

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(Received 6 February /994 and in revisedform /0 September /994) ...and / will cause to rain upon him, and upon his bands. and upon the many peoples that are with him, an overflowing shower, and great hailstones. fire and brimstone. Eukiel38:22Abstract. Recent concerns about the rapid deterioration in the quality of water resources in Israel, in addition to the widely documented anthropogenic acidification of precipitation in many parts of the world, have put a "state of the art" review of our knowledge of the chemistry of precipitation in Israel on the order of the day. Electrolyte content in precipitation in Israel is inversely related to average annual precipitation, and thus is 3-6 times higher in southern than in central Israel. The major reason for these differences is the differential enrichment in components of continental origin, such as Ca 2 + and HC0 3 -. The chemical composition of precipitation is determined by the balance between components of marine and continental origin. Na"and CI-are the major ions contributed by sea spray, and therefore most of the precipitation exhibits Na/CI (molar) ratios close to that of seawater. Precipitation in the southern parts of the country is an exception. Other ions of partly marine origin are Mg2+, sot, K+, and, to a limited extent, Ca 2 +. Marine contribution to precipitation decreases with distance from the sea. The most important component of continental origin in precipitation in Israel is Ca 2 +, similar to precipitation in other semiarid areas surrounding the Mediterranean. Calcium in precipitation is often associated with dryfall (dust) originating in North African desert areas. NH/ concentration levels are relatively low, and thus, the importance of this ion as an acidityneutralizing agent is small compared to central/northern Europe. Precipitation in Israel is neutral to mildly alkaline, with an average pH of 6.5 ± 0.8. Mildly alkaline rain is the rule in central and southern Israel. In the Golan Heights, Galilee, and the northern coastal region, most of the precipitation events are acidic. On Mt. Carmel, 40% of the rain events examined during three rainy seasons were strongly acid, and in more than 65% of the events, pH was~5.6. Acidity in precipitation in Israel is determined primarily by excess sot. Nitrates have only a subordinate role.Synoptic analysis as well as sulfur isotopic data suggest that the excess sulfate is a long-range import from over the Mediterranean Sea, either of anthropogenic European or of biogenic/marine dimethyl sulfide (DMS) origin. In southern Israel, an isotopic amount effect was observed, whereby rain in rainier years was isotopically lighter 0 18 0 than precipitation in the less rainy years. ol4S values of precipitation were found to be in the range of 0-15%0, thus indicating that precipitation sulfate consisted of a mixture of marine and nonmarine sulfate. CI and Sr isotope ratios in precipitation were determined as well.

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Chemistry of Precipitation in Haifa, Israel, 1981–1989

Mamane

Gottlieb

1991

Acid Deposition

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Relationships between meteorological situations and acid rain in Spanish Basque country

Cited by 70 publications

References 3 publications

FLUCTUATION OF ION COMPONENTS, TRACE METALS, AND Pb/Zn RATIO IN PRECIPITATION AT TSU CITY

FLUCTUATION OF ION COMPONENTS, TRACE METALS, AND Pb/Zn RATIO IN PRECIPITATION AT TSU CITY

The Chemistry of Precipitation in Israel

Chemistry of Precipitation in Haifa, Israel, 1981–1989

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