Relationships between Nutrient Uptake and Nitrogen Fixation with Aflatoxin Contamination in Peanut under Terminal Drought

Htoon, Wunna; Kaewpradit, Wanwipa; Vorasoot, Nimitr; Toomsan, B.; Akkasaeng, C.; Puppala, Naveen; Wongkaew, Sopone; Jogloy, Sanun

doi:10.3390/agronomy9080419

Cited by 8 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…The in vitro response of the MG, MGRI and MGI% of A. flavus to the R. guttatus extract is of particular importance as this fungus is of major concern in agriculture. It produces highly carcinogenic toxins called aflatoxins in the seeds of a number of crops both before and after harvest which are a health hazard to animals (Adeyeye 2016), causing negative impact on the nutritional value of plants and considerable yield losses (Klich 2007;Htoon et al 2019). The R. guttatus extract showed similar MG inhibition of A. flavus as the positive control agent in all tests, which makes it a candidate for future prospection against this phytopathogen.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

In vitro antimicrobial activity of methanolic extracts from cutaneous secretions of Amazonian amphibians against phytopathogens of agricultural interest

et al. 2021

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The biochemical defense mechanisms of amphibians involve cutaneous secretions of bioactive molecules with antimicrobial activity. This study evaluated the in vitro activity of methanolic extracts from cutaneous secretions of two amphibian species of the Bufonidae family, Rhaebo guttatus and Rhinella marina, in the control of the phytopathogens Fusarium udum, Fusarium solani, Colletotrichum truncatum, Aspergillus flavus, Rhizoctonia solani, Macrophomina phaseolina, and Calonectria pseudometrosideri. The R. guttatus extract decreased the mycelial growth of F. udum, F. solani, A. flavus, and M. phaseolina at some tested concentrations. The R. marina extract decreased the mycelial growth of C. truncatum at the concentration of 0.5 mg mL-¹, and inhibited the mycelial growth of A. flavus at concentrations of 0.1 and 0.5 mg mL-¹, which was similar to the inhibition by the positive control. The R. marina extract also decreased the microsclerotia production by R. solani at concentrations of 0.2 and 0.3 mg mL-¹. In addition, the extracts inhibited conidial sporulation and germination at varying degrees. The inhibition of appressoria formation in C. truncatum by the R. guttatus and R. marina extracts was 85-99% and 63-100%, respectively. Our results demonstrated that treatment with extracts from R. guttatus and R. marina cutaneous secretions showed antifungal activity against the studied phytopathogens.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

In vitro antimicrobial activity of methanolic extracts from cutaneous secretions of Amazonian amphibians against phytopathogens of agricultural interest

et al. 2021

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“…Thus, P plays a key role in the nodulation and N fixation of legumes. Deficiency in P will lead to the reduction of leghemoglobin content in the nodules, which in turn suppresses the nitrogenase activity (Kleinert et al, 2017;Htoon et al, 2019). Herein, the nitrogenase activity increased first and then decreased with the increase of P levels.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synergism Between Water Management and Phosphorus Supply Enhances the Nodulation and Root Growth and Development of Chinese Milk Vetch (Astragalus sinicus L.)

et al. 2022

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The response of root development and nodule formation of the manure crop Chinese milk vetch to different levels of soil moisture and phosphorous (P) fertilizer remains unclear. In this study, a pot experiment was performed to trace the root growth and nodule formation of Chinese milk vetch at the seedling, branching and full-flowering stages, under various soil moisture gradients [25% (W1), 50% (W2), 75% (W3), and 100% (W4) of the maximum field water-holding capacity] and P levels [0 (P0), 30 (P1), 60 (P2), and 90 (P3) kg hm–2]. The root/shoot ratio, root vitality, number of nodules, nodule weight, and nitrogenase activity were affected remarkably by soil moisture or the level of added P across the whole stage. Differences were found in the interaction effect between soil moisture and added P on the characteristic indices of the root and nodule at the different growth stages. There were obvious differences in root activity and nitrogenase activity at seedling stage, but no evident differences were found in other indices. Certain differences were also found in the indicators mentioned above at the branching stage. W1P0 and W2P0 showed the highest root/shoot ratio, W2P2 and W3P2 resulted in the highest root activity; W3P3 and W3P2 had the highest number and weight of nodules; and W3P2, W2P2, and W3P1 had higher nitrogenase activity than the other treatments at the full-flowering stage. The application of P at 60 kg hm–2 and the relative soil moisture of 75% was the best P-water combination suitable for the root development, nodule formation, and nitrogen fixation of Chinese milk vetch. This study will provide a theoretical basis for the production of this plant by managing the synergistic interaction between P fertilizer and soil moisture.

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“…These result in loss of kernel integrity such as silk cut or physiological changes such as reduction in phytoalexin levels (Odvody et al, 1997;Kebede et al, 2012). Stress to the crop can also come from pest damage (Dowd, 2003) and nutrient deficiencies (Htoon et al, 2019).…”

Section: Factors Influencing Aflatoxin Contaminationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and scale-up of bioprotectants to keep staple foods safe from aflatoxin contamination in Africa

Bandyopadhyay¹,

Ortega‐Beltran²,

Konlambigue³

et al. 2021

Burleigh Dodds Series in Agricultural Science

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Aflatoxins pose a significant public health risk, decrease productivity and profitability and hamper trade. To minimize aflatoxin contamination a biocontrol technology based on atoxigenic strains of Aspergillus flavus that do not produce aflatoxin is used widely in the United States. The technology, with the generic name Aflasafe, has been improved and adapted for use in Africa. Aflasafe products have been developed or are currently being developed in 20 African countries. Aflatoxin biocontrol is being scaled up for use in several African countries through a mix of public, private, and public-private interventions. Farmers in several countries have commercially treated nearly 400,000 ha of maize and groundnut achieving >90% reduction in aflatoxin contamination. This chapter summarizes the biology of aflatoxin-producing fungi and various factors affecting their occurence, including climate change. Various management practices for aflatoxin mitigation are then discussed. These include biological control, which is increasingly being adopted by farmers in several countries. We discuss biocontrol product development and commercialization in various African countries. Subsequently, we highlight some barriers to adoption and other challenges.

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Relationships between Nutrient Uptake and Nitrogen Fixation with Aflatoxin Contamination in Peanut under Terminal Drought

Cited by 8 publications

References 19 publications

In vitro antimicrobial activity of methanolic extracts from cutaneous secretions of Amazonian amphibians against phytopathogens of agricultural interest

In vitro antimicrobial activity of methanolic extracts from cutaneous secretions of Amazonian amphibians against phytopathogens of agricultural interest

Synergism Between Water Management and Phosphorus Supply Enhances the Nodulation and Root Growth and Development of Chinese Milk Vetch (Astragalus sinicus L.)

Development and scale-up of bioprotectants to keep staple foods safe from aflatoxin contamination in Africa

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