Relationships between properties and rapid gas decompression (RGD) resistance of various filled nitrile butadiene rubber vulcanizates under high-pressure hydrogen

Jeon, Sang Koo; Kwon, Oh Heon; Tak, Nae Hyung; Chung, Nak-Kwan; Baek, Un Bong; Nahm, Seung Hoon

doi:10.1016/j.mtcomm.2021.103038

Cited by 13 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…The molecular proportion was used to calculate the required silane content for the modification of CeO 2 nanoparticles. 29,30 The silane content was determined through the number of nanoparticle surface OH groups and its relation to the number of hydroxyl groups in the hydrolyzed TESPT molecules as follows (1) where N TESPT and N OH are the number of TESPT silane molecules and nanoparticle surface OH groups, respectively. The coefficient of X refers to the stoichiometric amount of TESPT silane molecules needed to react with the surface hydroxyl groups of nanoparticles.…”

Section: Determination Of the Silane Contentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nitrile rubbers (NBRs) have many applications in different industries due to their good resistance to oils, fuels, and organic solvents. − However, to use NBR for heavy-duty applications, it needs to be filled with nanofillers to obtain higher chemical/mechanical properties . However, several studies have reported weak dispersion of nanofillers in rubber matrices .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Improving the Mechanical/Anticorrosive Properties of a Nitrile Rubber-Based Adhesive Filled with Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles Using a Two-Step Surface Modification Method

et al. 2022

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To prepare a nanocomposite adhesive based on nitrile rubber (NBR) with excellent mechanical/anticorrosion properties, cerium oxide (CeO2) nanoparticles were grafted with bis-[3-(triethoxysilyl)propyl]tetrasulfide silane (TESPT) at different concentrations (i.e., 1, 5, 10, and 20 times the stoichiometric content). The surface-modified nanoparticles were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), ζ-potential, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) techniques. The results showed that the steaming process resulted in an increase in the grafting ratio (R g) by 2.35 times. Pure and modified cerium oxide nanoparticles were added at 1.5, 4.5, and 7.5 wt % to a mixture of a phenolic resin and NBR compound to prepare adhesive samples. The prepared adhesives were evaluated for curing behavior and thermomechanical properties. The morphology of the adhesives was also characterized using SEM analysis. The bonding of adhesives to steel plates was measured by a cathodic disbonding test. The adhesive-coated steel plates were evaluated for anticorrosion performances using a salt spray test. It was found that surface-modified hydrothermally steamed CeO2 nanoparticles that had the highest silane grafting ratio enhanced the anticorrosion properties and cathodic disbonding of NBR-based adhesives. The curing rate index (CRI) and crosslinking of the NBR compound were enhanced using the modified and steamed nanoparticles. This also improved the interfacial interactions between rubber chains and nanoparticle surface, resulting in a 6 °C increase in the glass-transition temperature (T g) of NBR compared to the pristine rubber.

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Section: Determination Of the Silane Contentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improving the Mechanical/Anticorrosive Properties of a Nitrile Rubber-Based Adhesive Filled with Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles Using a Two-Step Surface Modification Method

et al. 2022

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“…The results of mechanical property change indicate that mechanical properties of NBR deteriorate after exposure to high-pressure hydrogen. However, these results are not suitable for evaluating the effect of high-pressure hydrogen due to the inconsistency of the relative change in mechanical properties [ 30 ]. Therefore, as the specific wear rate and pore density showed distinguishable change after the specimen was exposed to high-pressure hydrogen, it could serve as alternative criteria for the evaluation of hydrogen effects on NBR.…”

Section: Test Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Functional Fillers on Tribological Characteristics of Acrylonitrile Butadiene Rubber after High-Pressure Hydrogen Exposures

et al. 2022

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In a high-pressure hydrogen environment, the sealing rubber material is swelled by hydrogen, and the mechanical and tribological properties are reduced, causing various problems in the sealing performance. The focus of this study was the effect of the filler type and content on the tribological characteristics of rubber after exposure to high-pressure hydrogen. Acrylonitrile butadiene rubber specimens were exposed to high-pressure hydrogen at 96.6 MPa, and the change in the amount of wear with time after exposure was observed. The wear test was performed using a pin-on-disc ball tip to measure the amount of wear before and after hydrogen exposure of the materials under fixed revolutions per minute and normal load. Scanning electron microscopy was used to observe the wear track and cross section of the specimen to examine the changes in the wear mechanism after hydrogen exposure and to analyze the wear mechanism for each filler. The results of this study are expected to contribute to the evaluation of the tribological properties of the sealing materials used in hydrogen environments.

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“…When the CS specimen was exposed to high-pressure hydrogen, the volume significantly swelled and bubbles were non-uniformly formed on the surface [ 41 ]. Therefore, the CS test was conducted after the volume of the specimen had been recovered.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… NBR, EPDM, and FKM were used in this study; the effect of high-pressure hydrogen was relatively large because the amount of filler was small. The rubber materials with high filler content are less affected by high-pressure hydrogen [ 10 , 11 , 41 , 45 ]. NBR, EPDM, and FKM showed a tendency to recover the tensile strength after exposure to high-pressure hydrogen, but the tensile strength of the rubber material without fillers was not recover to its original value due to internal cracks and damages [ 43 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of Physical and Mechanical Characteristics of Rubber Materials Exposed to High-Pressure Hydrogen

et al. 2022

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Rubber materials play a key role in preventing hydrogen gas leakage in high-pressure hydrogen facilities. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate rubber materials exposed to high-pressure hydrogen to ensure operational safety. In this study, permeation, volume swelling, hydrogen content, and mechanical characteristics of acrylonitrile butadiene rubber (NBR), ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM), and fluorocarbon (FKM) samples exposed to pressures of 35 and 70 MPa were investigated. The results showed that the volume recovery and hydrogen desorption behavior of EPDM with the highest permeation were fast whereas those of FKM with the lowest permeation were slow. The volume of NBR with the highest hydrogen content expanded after decompression. In contrast, FKM swelled the most despite having the lowest hydrogen content. After exposure to high-pressure hydrogen, the compression set (CS) slightly increased due to internal cracks, but the tensile strength decreased significantly with increasing pressure despite the absence of cracks in the fracture area of all tensile specimens. It was concluded that the decrease in tensile strength is closely related to the volume increase because of the relationship between the relative true strength and the volume ratio.

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Relationships between properties and rapid gas decompression (RGD) resistance of various filled nitrile butadiene rubber vulcanizates under high-pressure hydrogen

Cited by 13 publications

References 34 publications

Improving the Mechanical/Anticorrosive Properties of a Nitrile Rubber-Based Adhesive Filled with Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles Using a Two-Step Surface Modification Method

Improving the Mechanical/Anticorrosive Properties of a Nitrile Rubber-Based Adhesive Filled with Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles Using a Two-Step Surface Modification Method

Effect of Functional Fillers on Tribological Characteristics of Acrylonitrile Butadiene Rubber after High-Pressure Hydrogen Exposures

Investigation of Physical and Mechanical Characteristics of Rubber Materials Exposed to High-Pressure Hydrogen

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