Relationships in the Manifest Content of Dreams Occurring on the Same Night

Dement, William C.; Wolpert, Edward A.

doi:10.1097/00005053-195806000-00009

Cited by 48 publications

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“…Task-oriented dreams. The experience of being awakened and reporting a dream becomes itself a day residue which may influence subsequent dreams (Dement & Wolpert, 1958).…”

Section: Effect Of the Meshes Film And Slidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Once the optimum physical conditions for obtaining dream reports were developed, i.e., abrupt awakenings before the REM state has terminated (Dement & Wolpert, 1958;Shapiro, Goodenough, & Gryler, 1963), researchers found the reality of differential dream recall still very much with them. Self-reports of ability to remember "home" dreams range from recall of dreams almost every night to no memory of ever having dreamed.…”

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Effect of stressful and "neutral" moving images and still images on dreaming

Anderson¹

2000

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A controlled presleep experience was used in an attempt to trace waking experience in dreams. Dream reports were collected in the laboratory from 12 dreamers (half men, half women; half recallers, half nonrecallers), using the electrophysiological method of Dement and Kleitman. Following a baseline night, each dreamer was awakened on three consecutive nights during every REM period (rapid eye movement and Stage 1-ascending EEG pattern). Immediately prior to sleep on Night 3, four of the dreamers viewed an emotionally arousing film, four others viewed a s l ide sequence having the same content as the stressful film, and four others viewed an emotionally "neutral" film. Two independent judges, using Hall and Van de Castle's dream content analysis method and a tally system designed specifically for this study, failed to differentiate dreamers in the three groups on the basis of their dream content. Analyses of variance of dream content scores also failed to provide any evidence for differences among groups, recallers and nonrecallers, or nights. Some differences in dreaming style (e.g., total REM time, recallability) were noted.Limitations of the study and methodological problems were people who revealed secrets from their i:nnermost selves for this study.

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“…Task-oriented dreams. The experience of being awakened and reporting a dream becomes itself a day residue which may influence subsequent dreams (Dement & Wolpert, 1958).…”

Section: Effect Of the Meshes Film And Slidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of stressful and "neutral" moving images and still images on dreaming

Anderson¹

2000

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“…It was observed that sequential dreams have something in common and occasionally even a coherent dream thought seems to be maintained. In clinical studies of sequential dreams it was found that they tend to cluster around a simple conflict (16,18,24,31,52).…”

Section: Evaluation Of Some Research Findingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Roffwarg also observed a significantly higher prevalence of REM periods in newborn and premature infants and young mammals -a phenomenon which led to the conclusion that dreaming is associated with a primitive form of 'sleep' which is ontogenetically early and phylogenetically old. The REM state is present at such an early stage in life that no psychic structure could be sufficiently developed to function as a guardian of sleep (16,18,31,38,30,50). Besides, according to Fisher and others, as 'dreams' do not occur in the NREM state they cannot function as the guardians of sleep (24).…”

Section: Psychoanalytic Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Implications of Recent Dream Research

1971

Canadian Psychiatric Association Journal

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“…However, while Secondly, the thematic progression is greater in stories reported later in the night, both for sequential and hierarchical there is substantial evidence of inter-relations between basic (Dement and Wolpert 1958;Rechtschaffen et al 1963; Cipolli organization of dream stories. This finding, in keeping with Foulkes and Schmidt (1983), may be accounted for in terms et al 1988) and larger content units (although identified on an intuitive basis: Kramer et al 1964) of dream experiences of variation in the availability of cognitive resources for planning and developing dream experience (and, thus, of developed during different periods of (REM and NREM) sleep, whether and how dream experiences developed in the same functioning of the higher-level mechanisms of dream production), or in terms of complexity of mnestic sources period of sleep are interrelated has not as yet been investigated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Story‐like organization of dream experience in different periods of REM sleep

Cipolli

Bolzani

Tuozzi

1998

Journal of Sleep Research

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SUMMARY Four dream reports, collected from each of 16 subjects in an experimental night, were analysed using the criteria of Mandler and Johnson's story grammar. The experimental night was the first of the four nights where subjects had spontaneously given a dream report after each of the four awakenings planned in REM sleep. A multivariate analysis of covariance, taking the order of the nights where the experimental night occurred and the order of reports as factors, the number of stories per report as covariate and the number of statements in the setting, the number of statements in the event structure and number of episodes per story as dependent variables, showed that the greater length and complexity of reports collected in the second half of the night depends on a greater effectiveness of the dream production system rather than on a greater accuracy of recall. This increase concerns the organization of individual stories rather than the number of stories developed in a given time. These findings raise the issue of how dream production is re-triggered during REM sleep. To cast light on this issue, it seems important to establish whether and how the themes of the various stories developed in a given dream experience are interrelated. dream experience, mechanisms of dream production, REM sleep, story structure, thematic progression INTRODUCTIONOn the basis of both theoretical arguments (Foulkes 1982(Foulkes , 1985 and empirical evidence (Cipolli and Poli 1992; Cipolli Psychophysiological investigations on dreaming have shown et al. 1992a), at least three levels of functioning need to be consistently that dream experience, as reported after provoked posited in a model of dream production which can account awakening (mainly in REM sleep), is not only usually for the apparent coherence and complexity of many dreams: perceptually vivid and sometimes bizarre in content, but also (a) Recruitment of information relevant to the ongoing dream organized in a relatively lengthy and coherent narrative of quite experience, given that in almost all dreams various kinds plausible and complex events. Such a prominent characteristic of information (such as episodic memories and semantic suggests that dream experience is the result of a much more knowledge) appear to be processed in generating contents. complex production system than supposed in early studies. As postulated by multilevel models of dream production (for (b) Insertion of contents on a moment-by-moment basis, example, that of Foulkes 1982), the mechanisms supposedly providing for the sequential character of the ongoing operating at a higher level are in principle responsible for the dream. thematic progression of the dream experience, that is for the (c) Hierarchical organization of contents, providing for the organization of its contents into both linearly and hierarchically dream's coherence. ordered sequences of events linked by related characters and settings.A number of insights into the functioning of the mechanisms of the first and second levels ...

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Relationships in the Manifest Content of Dreams Occurring on the Same Night

Cited by 48 publications

References 0 publications

Effect of stressful and "neutral" moving images and still images on dreaming

Effect of stressful and "neutral" moving images and still images on dreaming

Implications of Recent Dream Research

Story‐like organization of dream experience in different periods of REM sleep

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