Relationships of Body Weight, Body Size, Subject Velocity, and Vertical Ground Reaction Forces in Trotting Dogs

Voss, Katja; Galeandro, Luca; Wiestner, Thomas; Haessig, Michael; Montavon, P. M.

doi:10.1111/j.1532-950x.2010.00729.x

Cited by 80 publications

(125 citation statements)

References 5 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

114

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Differences between individual dogs accounted for the largest variance effect in this heterogeneous population, confirming our primary hypothesis. This was anticipated (Bertram et al, 2000; Voss et al, 2010; 2011). Our data were normalized using percent body weight (100*N/N) before analysis, as is typically performed in clinical trials.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 61%

“…The standard process of GRF normalization with body weight alone appears insufficient to control for all size-dependent variability (Voss et al, 2010). When additional dog-specific morphometric measurements are used for data normalization, significant differences between breeds are still recognized (Voss et al, 2011; Krotscheck et al, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Variance associated with subject velocity and trial repetition during force platform gait analysis in a heterogeneous population of clinically normal dogs

Hans

Zwarthoed

Seliski

et al. 2014

The Veterinary Journal

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Factors that contribute to variance in ground reaction forces (GRF) include: dog morphology, velocity, and trial repetition. Narrow velocity ranges are recommended to minimize variance. In a heterogeneous population of clinically normal dogs, we hypothesized that the dog subject effect would account for the majority of variance in peak vertical force (PVF) and vertical impulse (VI) at a trotting gait, and that narrow velocity ranges would be associated with less variance. Data from twenty normal dogs were obtained. Each dog was trotted across a force platform at its habitual velocity, with controlled acceleration (±0.5m/s2). Variance effects from twelve trotting velocity ranges were examined using repeated-measures analysis-of-covariance. Significance was set at P<0.05. Mean dog body weight was 28.4 ± 7.4 kg. Individual dog and velocity significantly affected PVF and VI for thoracic and pelvic limbs (P<0.001). Trial number significantly affected thoracic limb PVF (P<0.001). Limb (left or right) significantly affected thoracic limb VI (P=0.02). The magnitude of variance effects from largest to smallest was dog, velocity, trial repetition, and limb. Velocity ranges of 1.5–2.0 m/s, 1.8–2.2 m/s, and 1.9–2.2 m/s were associated with low variance and no significant effects on thoracic or pelvic limb PVF and VI. A combination of these ranges, 1.5–2.2 m/s, captured a large percentage of trials per dog (84.2±21.4%) with no significant effects on thoracic or pelvic limb PVF or VI. We conclude wider velocity ranges facilitate capture of valid trials with little to no effect on GRF in normal trotting dogs. This concept is important for clinical trial design.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 61%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variance associated with subject velocity and trial repetition during force platform gait analysis in a heterogeneous population of clinically normal dogs

Hans

Zwarthoed

Seliski

et al. 2014

The Veterinary Journal

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Nevertheless, GRF and stance times of dogs still varied by approximately 10%, even after full data normalization as showed Voss et al (2010) in a study with 129 dogs of different breeds trotting at a range of velocity of 2.0 ± 0.15 m/s. Differences in fully normalized gait parameters were found between Greyhounds and Labrador Retrievers indicating that these two breeds have certain distinctive and specific gait patterns (Bertram et al 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…As previously reported, treadmill allows to insert additional devices for gait analysis; between them, force plate analysis is an objective, sensitive and accurate method to evaluate limb loading in dogs (Vilar et al 2013); however, force plate gait analysis provides large variation of normal ground reaction forces (GRFs) that prevent meaningful direct comparison of data between different dogs or dog groups (Voss et al 2010). To minimize this, some authors try to homogenize the animal groups using dogs of the same breed (Vilar et al 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biomechanic characteristics of gait of four breeds of dogs with different conformations at walk on a treadmill

Vilar

Rubio

Carrillo

et al. 2015

Journal of Applied Animal Research

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Principle of 'dynamic similarity' is frequently applied in biomechanic research as a tool to extrapolate data between animals from the same species, but, in dogs, different breeds entail different conformations. For that reason, comparison of dynamic parameters among dogs of different breeds should not be only based in weight and relative velocity. By means of the use of force platform and high-speed videography in 12 dogs corresponding with four breeds of different conformations, we showed how most of kinetic and kinematic variables are highly independent of weight or relative velocity and other factors as morphometric values and ratios are determinant.

show abstract

“…However, increases in locomotor speed are expected to be coupled with increases in muscle excitation in all of the extrinsic muscles, because with increasing speed the mechanical cost of transport increases (Cavagna et al, 1977;Willems et al, 1995) and the force impulse of a given footfall increases [e.g. in dogs (Budsberg et al, 1987;Rumph et al, 1994;Bertram et al, 2000;Bockstahler et al, 2007;Walter and Carrier, 2007;Mölsa et al, 2010;Voss et al, 2010)]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Activity of extrinsic limb muscles in dogs at walk, trot and gallop

Deban

Schilling

Carrier

2012

Journal of Experimental Biology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

SUMMARYThe extrinsic limb muscles perform locomotor work and must adapt their activity to changes in gait and locomotor speed, which can alter the work performed by, and forces transmitted across, the proximal fulcra of the limbs where these muscles operate. We recorded electromyographic activity of 23 extrinsic forelimb and hindlimb muscles and one trunk muscle in dogs while they walked, trotted and galloped on a level treadmill. Muscle activity indicates that the basic functions of the extrinsic limb musclesprotraction, retraction and trunk support -are conserved among gaits. The forelimb retains its strut-like behavior in all gaits, as indicated by both the relative inactivity of the retractor muscles (e.g. the pectoralis profundus and the latissimus dorsi) during stance and the protractor muscles (e.g. the pectoralis superficialis and the omotransversarius) in the first half of stance. The hindlimb functions as a propulsive lever in all gaits, as revealed by the similar timing of activity of retractors (e.g. the biceps femoris and the gluteus medius) during stance. Excitation increased in many hindlimb muscles in the order walk-trot-gallop, consistent with greater propulsive impulses in faster gaits. Many forelimb muscles, in contrast, showed the greatest excitation at trot, in accord with a shorter limb oscillation period, greater locomotor work performed by the forelimb and presumably greater absorption of collisional energy.

show abstract

Relationships of Body Weight, Body Size, Subject Velocity, and Vertical Ground Reaction Forces in Trotting Dogs

Abstract: BW, body size, and relative dog velocity must be accounted for when wanting to obtain GRF variables that are comparable between different dogs.

Cited by 80 publications

References 5 publications

Variance associated with subject velocity and trial repetition during force platform gait analysis in a heterogeneous population of clinically normal dogs

Variance associated with subject velocity and trial repetition during force platform gait analysis in a heterogeneous population of clinically normal dogs

Biomechanic characteristics of gait of four breeds of dogs with different conformations at walk on a treadmill

Activity of extrinsic limb muscles in dogs at walk, trot and gallop

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About