Relationships of bone characteristics in MYO9B deficient femurs

D, Kim; Jeong, Yong‐Hoon; McMichael, Brooke K.; Bähler, Martin; Bodnyk, Kyle; Sedlar, Ryan; Lee, Beth S.

doi:10.1016/j.jmbbm.2018.05.003

Cited by 7 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Recent studies demonstrated that Myo9b knockout mice have significant bone defects, including diminished bone size, trabecular and cortical bone parameters, and strength and stiffness [99,100]. Further, osteoclasts cultured from the knockout mice showed similar defects in resorption as siRNA-treated cells from the earlier study.…”

Section: Myosin Ixbmentioning

confidence: 87%

Myosins in Osteoclast Formation and Function

Lee

2018

Biomolecules

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Skeletal quantity and quality are determined by processes of bone modeling and remodeling, which are undertaken by cells that build and resorb bone as they respond to mechanical, hormonal, and other external and internal signals. As the sole bone resorptive cell type, osteoclasts possess a remarkably dynamic actin cytoskeleton that drives their function in this enterprise. Actin rearrangements guide osteoclasts’ capacity for precursor fusion during differentiation, for migration across bone surfaces and sensing of their composition, and for generation of unique actin superstructures required for the resorptive process. In this regard, it is not surprising that myosins, the superfamily of actin-based motor proteins, play key roles in osteoclast physiology. This review briefly summarizes current knowledge of the osteoclast actin cytoskeleton and describes myosins’ roles in osteoclast differentiation, migration, and actin superstructure patterning.

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Section: Myosin Ixbmentioning

confidence: 87%

Myosins in Osteoclast Formation and Function

Lee

2018

Biomolecules

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“…1a). A heuristic algorithm was used to segment bone voxels from nonbone voxels (Kim et al 2018;Kim et al 2012;Zauel et al 2004). The teeth, including incisor and periodontal ligament (PDL), were digitally extracted (Fig.…”

Section: Micro-computed Tomography (Micro-ct)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1a). All bone and nonbone voxels in the cortical and internal trabecular regions of the mandible were maintained to mask the trabeculae and marrow cavity using a compartmentalizing method (Buie et al 2007;Kim et al 2018;Kim et al 2012). Whole bone (WB) measurements were obtained by multiplying the total number of segmented bone voxels by the voxel size.…”

Section: Micro-computed Tomography (Micro-ct)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Regional variations of jaw bone characteristics in an ovariectomized rat model

Watanabe

Lewis

Guo

et al. 2020

Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials

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Postmenopausal osteoporosis causes severe loss of bone quantity and quality in limb bone but has a lesser effect on jaw bone. Thus, the objective of this study was to examine whether ovariectomy (OVX) and mastication alter the regional variation of jaw bone characteristics. Sprague-Dawley female rats (6 months) were given a bilateral OVX or a sham operation (SHAM) (n=10 for each group). After 2 months post-OVX, the hemi-mandible from each rat was dissected. A microcomputed tomography based mean, standard deviation (SD), the lower and upper 5 th percentile (Low 5 and High 5 ) values of tissue mineral density (TMD) histograms were assessed for whole bone (WB), alveolar bone (AB), cortical bone (CB), and trabecular bone (TB) regions. Morphology of TB and periodontal ligament (PDL) was also obtained. Layers of AB were segmented up to 400 μm from the PDL. Mechanical properties at the tissue level were measured by nanoindentation at the same site by a single loading-unloading cycle of indentation in hydration. The AB and TB regions had significantly lower TMD Mean, Low 5 , and High 5 but higher SD than the CB region for both sham and OVX groups (p<0.01). TMD parameters of the OVX group rapidly increased up to 60 μm away from the PDL and were significantly higher than *

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“…The class IX myosin Myo9b is an actin‐based motor and a Rho‐GTPase activating protein. Mice deficient for Myo9b show a mild intestinal phenotype, a reduction in bone volume, and impaired immune responses 1‐7 . These phenotypes were associated with increased activity of the small monomeric G‐protein Rho that is negatively regulated by the Rho‐GTPase activating domain of Myo9b.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…bone volume, and impaired immune responses. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7] These phenotypes were associated with increased activity of the small monomeric G-protein Rho that is negatively regulated by the Rho-GTPase activating domain of Myo9b. This domain accelerates GTP hydrolysis of Rho.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The RhoGAP‐myosin Myo9b regulates ocular lens pit morphogenesis

Hemkemeyer¹,

Liu²,

Vollmer³

et al. 2022

Developmental Dynamics

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Background During eye development the lens placode invaginates to form the lens pit. Further bending of lens epithelium and separation from ectoderm leads eventually to a spherical lens vesicle with enclosed extracellular fluid. Changes in epithelial morphology involve the actin cytoskeleton and its regulators. The myosin Myo9b is simultaneously an actin‐based motor and Rho GTPase‐activating protein that regulates actin cytoskeleton organization. Myo9b‐deficient adult mice and embryos were analyzed for eye malformations and alterations in lens development. Results Myo9b‐deficient mice showed a high incidence of microphthalmia and cataracts with occasional blepharitis. Formation of the lens vesicle during embryonic lens development was disordered in virtually all embryos. Lens placode invagination was less deep and gave rise to a conical structure instead of a spherical pit. At later stages either no lens vesicle was formed or a significantly smaller one that was not enclosed by the optic cup. Expression of the cell fate marker Pax6 was not altered. Staining of adherens junctions and F‐actin was most intense at the tip of conical invaginations, suggesting that mechanical forces are not properly coordinated between epithelial cells that form the pit. Conclusions Myo9b is a critical regulator of ocular lens vesicle morphogenesis during eye development.

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Relationships of bone characteristics in MYO9B deficient femurs

Cited by 7 publications

References 26 publications

Myosins in Osteoclast Formation and Function

Myosins in Osteoclast Formation and Function

Regional variations of jaw bone characteristics in an ovariectomized rat model

The RhoGAP‐myosin Myo9b regulates ocular lens pit morphogenesis

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