Relationships of low serum vitamin D3with anthropometry and markers of the metabolic syndrome and diabetes in overweight and obesity

McGill, Anne-Thea; Stewart, Joanna; Lithander, Fiona E; Strik, Caroline M; Poppitt, Sally D.

doi:10.1186/1475-2891-7-4

Cited by 275 publications

(131 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…30 kg/m 2 ) had a s25(OH)D , 75 nmol/l, compared with 68 % of the non-obese subjects. In another study on 243 ambulant adults (BMI 28 -50 kg/m 2 ) enrolled in a weight-loss study, s25(OH)D concentration was inversely associated with weight (P ¼ 0·0009), BMI (P¼0·005) and waist circumference (P¼0·03), but not body fat percentage (41) . This study also estimated a decrease of 0·74 nmol/l in s25(OH)D per 1 kg/m 2 increase in BMI.…”

Section: Obesitymentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Another recent cross-sectional analysis of 1654 men and women reported a substantially lower OR for the MetS in the highest quintile of s25(OH)D (median 88·0 nmol/l; OR 0·15) compared with the lowest quintile (median 26·8 nmol/l; OR 0·46) (39) (40 -42) . McGill et al (41) showed in 243 obese adults, 80 % of whom were women (age 47·6 (SD 12) years), that while s25(OH)D concentration was inversely associated with waist circumference, BMI and HbA 1c , there was no association with the MetS. Using data from the Rancho Bernardo Study (n 1070; aged 44-96 years), Reis et al (42) showed no association between s25(OH)D and MetS risk despite the strong positive association between PTH and MetS risk (OR 2·02; 95 % CI 0·96, 4·24).…”

Section: Cardiometabolic Syndromementioning

confidence: 99%

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Vitamin D and cardiometabolic health: a review of the evidence

Muldowney

Kiely

2010

Nutr. Res. Rev.

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The cardiometabolic syndrome (MetS) is a clustering of related metabolic abnormalities including abdominal adiposity, insulin resistance, hypertension, dyslipidaemia and increased inflammatory and thrombotic markers, which is linked to increased risk of type 2 diabetes, CVD and overall mortality. Several cross-sectional and prospective studies have shown an association between low vitamin D status, as indicated by concentrations of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (s25(OH)D), and increased prevalence of the MetS and individual CVD risk factors. These epidemiological observations are supported by mechanistic studies but experimental data are limited. The available data from intervention studies are largely confounded as most vitamin D supplementation trials were mainly carried out to explore the role of Ca in CVD and include Ca in the treatment arms. Inadequate consideration of seasonal effects on s25(OH)D concentrations is also a common design flaw in most studies. Further complications arise from shared risk factors such as adiposity and ageing, which predispose individuals to exhibit both a more pronounced risk profile and relatively lower s25(OH)D concentrations. In conclusion, while epidemiological associations are promising and a rationale for low vitamin D status as a potentially modifiable risk factor for CVD is supported by mechanistic data, suitable experimental data from appropriately designed trials are just beginning to emerge. As yet, this body of literature is too immature to draw firm conclusions on the role of vitamin D in CVD prevention. Carefully controlled vitamin D trials in well-described population groups using intervention doses that are titrated against target s25(OH)D concentrations could yield potentially valuable outcomes that may have a positive impact on CVD risk modification.

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Section: Obesitymentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Cardiometabolic Syndromementioning

confidence: 99%

Vitamin D and cardiometabolic health: a review of the evidence

Muldowney

Kiely

2010

Nutr. Res. Rev.

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“…Evidence that supports a link between vitamin D status and an increase in energy expended from a meal (26) provides an explanation of the role of vitamin D to reduce adiposity. In the study of 250 overweight and obese adults of different ethnicities, serum 25(OH)D was shown to be inversely related to weight (r 2 0·21), BMI (r 2 0·18) and waist circumference (r 2 0·14), but not fat mass (27) . These results suggest that the relationship of vitamin D status was specific to waist circumference, an independent risk factor for disease, and not to fat mass.…”

Section: Body Composition Vitamin D and Diabetesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vitamin D: emerging new roles in insulin sensitivity

2009

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The growing incidence of prediabetes and clinical type 2 diabetes, in part characterised by insulin resistance, is a critical health problem with consequent devastating personal and health-care costs. Vitamin D status, assessed by serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels, is inversely associated with diabetes in epidemiological studies. Several clinical intervention studies also support that vitamin D, or its active metabolite 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25(OH) 2 D), improves insulin sensitivity, even in subjects with glucose metabolism parameters classified within normal ranges. The mechanisms proposed which may underlie this effect include potential relationships with improvements in lean mass, regulation of insulin release, altered insulin receptor expression and specific effects on insulin action. These actions may be mediated by systemic or local production of 1,25(OH) 2 D or by suppression of parathyroid hormone, which may function to negatively affect insulin sensitivity. Thus, substantial evidence supports a relationship between vitamin D status and insulin sensitivity; however, the underlying mechanisms require further exploration. Vitamin D: Diabetes: Insulin sensitivity: Insulin resistanceThe reported incidence of diabetes is increasing at an alarming rate. The WHO estimates that more than 180 million individuals worldwide have diabetes and that 1·1 million died from diabetes in 2005 (1) . Further, the WHO estimates that this number is likely to more than double by 2030 (1) . The rate of change in incidence of insulin resistance and diabetes cannot be accounted for by shifts in population demographics, which suggests that lifestyle choices, rather than differences in genetics, are a primary contributor. Unfortunately, the dramatic rise in the prevalence of diabetes in this decade is likely to continue given the number of Americans with prediabetes and given that current recommendations for prevention are either ineffective or are not implemented sufficiently.Several lifestyle factors may play a role in this rapid increase in prediabetes and progression to clinical diabetes. An increase in diabetes has occurred concurrently with an increase in obesity, as the latter is a strong risk factor for diabetes. This relationship may be rooted in the general relationship between energy balance, obesity and diabetes. However, the presence, or absence, of specific dietary factors may also play a role in these diseases. Therefore it is critical to identify factors that influence body weight, factors that are independent of weight that will contribute to the prevention of abnormal glucose homeostasis and insulin resistance to reduce the incidence of diabetes beyond the difficult process of weight loss. It has been proposed that vitamin D may play an important role in the development of insulin resistance and diabetes (2 -4) . Although low vitamin D status is also implicated in the development of type 1 diabetes (or insulin-dependent diabetes) diabetes (5) , the present review will focus on the relationship of vitamin D sta...

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“…Vitamin D has anti-inflammatory effects and has a modulation role in the immune system. The effect of the immune modulating effects of vitamin D applies from its receptors on the majority immune cells (14). Vitamin D reduces the activity of nuclease factor, interleukin and IFN γ, which results in lowering of the inflammation process (15).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vitamin D Levels in Children With Otitis Media With Effusion: A Case-Control Study

Hosseini

Khajavi

Eftekharian

et al. 2016

Thrita

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Background: Otitis media with effusion (OME) is one of the main sources of hearing impairment in children. One of the possible causes of middle ear infection and OME is immune system disorders. Based on previous studies, vitamin D deficiency plays an important role in the incidence of middle ear infections. Objectives: This study aimed to determine blood levels of vitamin D in children with OME (as an inflammation of the middle ear) in comparison to a control group of patients admitted to Loghman-Hakim hospital in Tehran. Patients and Methods:In this case-control study, one hundred twenty children with OME who were admitted to Loghman-Hakim hospital between April 2013 and March 2014 and who were candidates for adenotonsillectomy were studied. They were divided into two groups based on tympanometry. The first group contained patients with OME and hearing loss of Type B or Type C2, and the second group (control) contained patients without OME and tympanometry of Type A or Type C2. On the day of surgery, blood samples were obtained for measurement and comparing of serum levels of vitamin D in the two groups. Results: In this study, 120 children (40 cases and 80 controls) that were candidates for tonsillectomy were studied. The largest number of cases was males (60%). The mean age of patients with otitis media was 5.7 ± 2.6 years-old and in the control group was 7.2 ± 2.2 years-old. The mean levels of vitamin D in children with OME was 26.1 ± 14.6 ng/mL and in children in the control group was 29.5 ± 17.9 ng/mL (P = 0.27). Conclusions: Although there was not a significant relation shown between vitamin D levels between the two groups in our study, the vitamin D level in OME patients was less than in the control group. Therefore, it seems that measuring the level of vitamin D in these patients is necessary, and a deficiency of vitamin D must be treated. In order to achieve certain results with more detail we suggest more studies with larger sample sizes and covering a longer time period are needed on this topic.

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Relationships of low serum vitamin D3with anthropometry and markers of the metabolic syndrome and diabetes in overweight and obesity

Cited by 275 publications

References 37 publications

Vitamin D and cardiometabolic health: a review of the evidence

Vitamin D and cardiometabolic health: a review of the evidence

Vitamin D: emerging new roles in insulin sensitivity

Vitamin D Levels in Children With Otitis Media With Effusion: A Case-Control Study

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