Relationships of Milk Yield of Dam to Early Growth Rate of Straightbred and Crossbred Calves

Reynolds, W. L.; DeRouen, T. M.; Bellows, R. A.

doi:10.2527/jas1978.473584x

Cited by 42 publications

(28 citation statements)

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“…Dados de diversas pesquisas têm comprovado as maiores taxas de ganho de peso e pesos à desmama em animais mestiços (Crockett et al, 1978;Reynolds et al, 1978;Rocha & Ribeiro, 1987;Becker et al, 1995).…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

“…Quanto ao sexo do bezerro, trabalhos de pesquisa mostram maiores ganhos de peso e maiores pesos ao desmame para os machos em relação às fêmeas (Melton et al, 1967;Bond & Wiltbank, 1970;Rutledge et al, 1971;Cundiff et al, 1974;Reynolds et al, 1978;Ribeiro & Restle, 1991). Porém, Bellows & Short (1978) e Rocha & Ribeiro (1987) não encontraram diferença entre os sexos no peso à desmama.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

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Efeito da pastagem, da produção e da composição do leite no desempenho de bezerros de diferentes grupos genéticos

et al. 2004

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O experimento foi conduzido com o objetivo de avaliar o desempenho de bezerros de corte dos grupos genéticos Charolês (CH) e ½Nelore (NE) ½CH (filhos de vacas CH), NE e ½CH ½NE (filhos de vacas NE) mantidos juntamente com as vacas até o desmame, em pastagem nativa (PN) ou pastagem cultivada (PC) de inverno (aveia + azevém) e de verão (capim-papuã). Foram utilizados sessenta bezerros entre puros e mestiços, pesados ao nascimento, 14, 42, 70, 98, 126, 154, 182 dias e ao desmame. A produção de leite das vacas foi avaliada na mesma data das pesagens, com exceção do nascimento. Bezerros mantidos em PC apresentaram maior ganho de peso médio diário (GMD) (733 contra 440 g) e maior peso ao desmame (191,8 contra 128,6 kg) que os mantidos em PN. Foi verificado efeito quadrático do período pós-parto no GMD (y=489,89 + 3,96DIA - 0,0198DIA²), sendo que o ponto máximo do GMD (571 g) foi aos 85 dias de idade para os mantidos em PN e aos 107 dias (848 g) para os mantidos em PC. A produção média diária de leite das vacas explicou 45% do peso ao desmame e 38% do GMD dos bezerros. As correlações entre a produção de leite e o GMD e o peso dos bezerros foi significativa mesmo nos estágios mais avançados de lactação. A correlação entre a produção média diária de leite de todo período de aleitamento e o GMD foi maior nos animais mantidos em PC (0,54) do que em PN (0,44) e nos animais F1 (0,73) em relação aos puros (0,47). A menor correlação entre produção de leite e GMD foi verificada nos bezerros NE puros (0,31), nos demais foi de 0,60; 0,71; e 0,84, para CH, ½CH ½NE e ½NE ½CH. Os teores de gordura, lactose, extrato seco desengordurado e extrato seco total, não apresentaram correlação significativa com o GMD. No entanto, quando foi considerada a produção total desses constituintes do leite, as correlações com o GMD foram significativas. Bezerros F1 apresentaram maiores pesos ao nascimento e ao desmame que os puros. A heterose para o peso ao nascimento, desmame e GMD foi, respectivamente, de 3,4; 11,8; e 10,2%.

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Section: Introductionunclassified

Efeito da pastagem, da produção e da composição do leite no desempenho de bezerros de diferentes grupos genéticos

et al. 2004

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“…Reynolds et al (1978) reported that that Brahmans produce 2.8 kg per 16 hours and McBryde et al (2013) reported that Brahmans cows produced 3.3 kg per 24 hours. McBryde et al (2013) also reported that a decrease in body condition score of one (on a one to five scale) was associated with a reduction in 24-hour milk yield of one kilogram.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Reynolds et al (1978) reported that Brahmans produce 2.8 kg per 16 hours and McBryde et al (2013) reported that Brahmans cows produced 3.3 kg per 24 hours. If these reports for milk yield are representative of that occurring across breeding herds of northern Australia, then reductions in cow body condition may be leading to reduced milk yields and neonatal dehydration mediated mortality.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dehydration as a risk factor for calf mortality in northern Australia

Muller¹

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It is estimated that approximately one million calves die in Australia every year, with the majority unexplained. This thesis reviews losses associated with dehydration-mediated mortality during neonatal life, when there is highest risk of mortality, and reports three studies of neonatal calf dehydration.For 12 neonatal Brahman calves at Spyglass research site (northern forest land type, Queensland), variation in hydration status was investigated (Experiment 1). Change in live-weight from birth was used as the primary measure of hydration. Half of this cohort had low live weight gain between birth and day 3 of life (p = 0.01) compared to calves growing at 0.95±0.24 kg/day from birth. Low growth and associated reduced plasma protein (p = 0.04) in 6 calves indicated reduced colostrum, milk uptake and therefore reduced body fluid replenishment compared to other calves. This positions them at high risk of mortality under adverse environmental conditions. Urea space was tested as a measure of body water; however, percentage body water estimates were unrealistically elevated (> 80% of live weight) and therefore not representative of actual calf percentage body water.Descriptive analysis of risk factors for calf mortality was conducted for 478 and 378 tropically adapted newborn calves, respectively at Spyglass and Brian Pastures (southern forest land type, central Queensland) research sites (Experiment 2). The incidence risk of neonatal mortality in the southern forest of Queensland and northern forest of Queensland was 3.1% and 4.7%, respectively. Some risk factors and the percentage of calves exposed to high mortality risk included: dam body condition score ≤2 (8%), birth weight ≤28 kg (18%), low birth vigour (2%), large udder size (1%), at least two large teats (2%) and poor maternal protectiveness (5%). The low proportion of cows in poor body condition and good nutritional management limited the opportunity for dehydration-mediated neonatal mortality. There were no cases of prolonged heat stress around calving at the level previously associated with foetal and calf mortality. Experiment 2 indicates that low calf mortality may be achieved in any country type, provided that a low proportion of calves are exposed to high risk of mortality. A simple mechanistic model was developed to describe milk uptake volumes and ambient temperature (heat stress) impacts on neonatal hydration. This model provided clarification for the possible risk of dehydration mediated mortality across breeding herds of northern Australia.This thesis demonstrated variation in milk delivery, modelled that low milk delivery is associated with dehydration-mediated mortality and demonstrated that risk of mortality is low at a herd level when the risk factors associated with reduced milk delivery have low frequency.3

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Dairy and milk consumption and child growth: Is BMI involved? An analysis of NHANES 1999–2004

Wiley

2010

American J Hum Biol

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Humans are unique among mammals in that many consume cow's milk or other dairy products well beyond the traditional age of weaning. Milk provides various nutrients and bioactive molecules to support growth and development, and the question arises as to whether this dietary behavior influences growth parameters. There is evidence that milk makes positive contributions to growth in height, but its associations with other aspects of body size, such as body mass index (BMI), are not well-established. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data from 1999 to 2004 and multivariate regression analysis were used to test the hypothesis that milk (g) or total dairy product consumption (kJ) is associated with higher BMI percentile among US White, Black, and Mexican-American children of age 2-4 years (n = 1,493) and 5-10 years (n = 2,526). Younger children in the highest quartile of dairy intake had higher BMIs (beta = 7.5-8.0; P < 0.01) than those in the lowest two quartiles. Controlling for energy intake eliminated differences between QIV and QI. Among children of 5-10 years of age dairy intake had no relationship to BMI. Young children in the highest quartile of milk intake had higher BMIs than all lower quartiles (beta = 7.1-12.8; beta = 6.3-11.8 in energy-controlled models; P < 0.05). Among children of 5-10 years of age, those in QIV for milk intake had higher BMIs than those in QII (beta = 8.3; beta = 7.1 in energy-controlled model; P < 0.01). Controlling for total protein or calcium did not change the results. Milk had more consistent positive associations with BMI than did dairy products, and these were strongest among children of 2-4 years of age.

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Relationships of Milk Yield of Dam to Early Growth Rate of Straightbred and Crossbred Calves

Cited by 42 publications

References 0 publications

Efeito da pastagem, da produção e da composição do leite no desempenho de bezerros de diferentes grupos genéticos

Efeito da pastagem, da produção e da composição do leite no desempenho de bezerros de diferentes grupos genéticos

Dehydration as a risk factor for calf mortality in northern Australia

Dairy and milk consumption and child growth: Is BMI involved? An analysis of NHANES 1999–2004

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