Relative Acute Toxicities of Hydrogen Fluoride, Hydrogen Chloride, and Hydrogen Bromide in Nose- and Pseudo-Mouth-Breathing Rats

Stavert, D. M.; Archuleta, D. C.; Behr, Melissa; Lehnert, Bruce E.

doi:10.1093/toxsci/16.4.636

Cited by 12 publications

(17 citation statements)

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“…The present results agree with those of Stavert et al (1991) and Kusewitt et al (1989). The latter exposed NB rats to 100, 400, or 1000 ppm for 30 min and sacrificed them 8 and 24 h later.…”

Section: -Minute Exposuressupporting

confidence: 94%

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Short-Term Exposures of Rats to Airborne Hydrogen Fluoride

D¹

1998

Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part A

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A series of acute inhalation exposures was performed with airborne hydrogen fluoride (HF) to establish the concentration response for nonlethal effects in the rat. Exposures were either 2 or 10 min long; concentrations ranged from 135 to 8621 ppm. Three additional exposures (20 to 48 ppm) were performed for 60 min. A mouth-breathing (MB) model with a tracheal cannula was used in most of the exposures to maximize delivery of the HF to the lower respiratory tract. Endpoints on the day after exposure included hematology, serum chemistry, bronchoalveolar lavage, pulmonary function, organ weights, and histopathology. Nasal resistance was measured in nose-breathing (NB) groups. Effects of exposure were generally limited to the respiratory tract and included alveolitis, bronchial lesions, altered parameters of pulmonary function and bronchoalveolar lavage, and mucosal necrosis, inflammation, and fibrinopurulent exudate in airways. Observed changes were concentration related and appeared more pronounced in major airways near the point of entry (trachea in MB animals and nose in NB animals). One group of MB animals exposed for 10 min to 1454 ppm was evaluated at 3 and 14 wk after exposure; the acute effects had resolved by those times. The effects of 2-min exposures were consistently more severe than those from 10-min exposures to the same product of concentration x time. Exposures of MB animals for 60 min to 20 or 48 ppm HF did not result in observable adverse effects, although quasistatic pressure-volume curves were shifted upward slightly after 48 ppm. These data provide an integrated picture of the concentration-related effects of short nonlethal exposures to HF.

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Section: -Minute Exposuressupporting

confidence: 94%

“…The cannulae were similar to those of Stavert et al (1991). The cannulae were similar to those of Stavert et al (1991).…”

Section: General Procedures For Exposuresupporting

confidence: 54%

Short-Term Exposures of Rats to Airborne Hydrogen Fluoride

D¹

1998

Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part A

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“…HBr for 30 min that compared nose-breathing effects to pseudo-mouth-breathing effects (Stavert et al, 1991). Tissue damage following nose-breathing exposure to HBr was confined to the nasal region.…”

Section: Acknowledgmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

1997 Toxic Hazards Research Annual Report

Dodd¹

1998

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“…The lungs (minus the RCL) were routinely filled at a pressure of 30 cm H20 with 10% formalin in phosphate-buffered saline for 48 hirs. For histological analysis of the lung, each left lobe was sliced on the same plane as the main-stem bronchi from its apex to its base along a line between the most posterior to the most anterior aspects to expose the maximal planar surface area for sectioning (1,4,8,13,15,16). The blocks of tissue were embedded in paraffin, and 4 •m sections were prepared and stained with hematoxylin and cosin by conventional methods.…”

Section: Animal Sacrifices Lung Gravimetric Measuremen•ts and Histomentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Similar body plethysmographic exposure systems have been used in our laboratory in other U.S. Army-funded investigations of the toxicities of halides, nitrogen dioxide, perfluoroisobutylene, and bis(trifluoromethyl)disulfide in the respiratory traci and in the U.S. Army-supported development of a cross-ventilating rat model (e.g., 8,17).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Acute Inhalation Toxicity of Pyrolysis Products of Halon 1301: Kinetic Course of Lung Injury, Degradation in Work Performance, and Exercise Potentiation of Lung Injury after Phosgene Exposure

Lehnert¹

1992

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Relative Acute Toxicities of Hydrogen Fluoride, Hydrogen Chloride, and Hydrogen Bromide in Nose- and Pseudo-Mouth-Breathing Rats

Cited by 12 publications

References 0 publications

Short-Term Exposures of Rats to Airborne Hydrogen Fluoride

Short-Term Exposures of Rats to Airborne Hydrogen Fluoride

1997 Toxic Hazards Research Annual Report

The Acute Inhalation Toxicity of Pyrolysis Products of Halon 1301: Kinetic Course of Lung Injury, Degradation in Work Performance, and Exercise Potentiation of Lung Injury after Phosgene Exposure

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