Relative Analgesic Potency of Epidural Fentanyl, Alfentanil, and Morphine in Treatment of Postoperative Pain

What Epidural Opioid Results in the Best Analgesia Outcomes and Fewest Side Effects After Surgery?

“…27 The only exception to this is the study by Chrubasik et al, where 0 and 9 of 20 patients receiving morphine and fentanyl were sedated, respectively. 32 Given the similarity in respiratory depression, hypotension, and sedation among studies, it is unsurprising that pooled and subgroup analyses did not reveal any significant differences in these outcomes (data not shown).…”

“…White et al 30 Figures and in-text Orthopedics 66 3 Tsui et al 31 Tables and in-text Abdominal and thoracic 35 2 Chrubasik et al 32 Tables, figures, and in-text Abdominal 40 3 Fischer et al 33 Figures and in-text C-section 105 4 Fentanyl vs sufentanil Jeon et al 34 Tables, figures, and in-text Orthopedics 37 2 Lutti et al 35 Tables and in-text Orthopedics 70 2 Wilhelm and Dieleman 36 Tables, figures, and in-text Abdominal and thoracic 53 4 Cohen et al 37 Tables, figures, and in-text C-section 250 4 Geller et al 38 Tables and in-text Abdominal 30 5 Morphine vs oxycodone Yanagidate and Dohi 39 Tables, figures, and in-text Abdominal 50 4 Backlund et al 40 …”

Side‐effects of epidural infusions of opioid bupivacaine mixtures

“…Previous studies comparing epidural opioids have included patients having a variety of surgical procedures and anaesthetic techniques [1][2][3]. The patients often received opioids by more than one route in the perioperative period and observations on side-effects were, in many cases, retrospective [1,[3][4][5][6][7].…”

Cardiopulmonary and Analgesic Effects of Epidural Lidocaine, Alfentanil, and Xylazine in Pigs Anesthetized With Isoflurane

“…After the baseline measurements were taken, a slow (60 sec) epidural administration of the drug was begun. Results of measurements were recorded at 2,5,15,30,45,60, and 90 minutes after epidural drug administration ( Fig I). Data were grouped and the mean k standard error (SE) were calculated.…”

“…General anesthesia was induced with isoflurane in O2 and maintained with I% to 1.2% end-tidal ISO, ensuring presence of a pain response before epidural drug administration. Heart rate (HR), arterial blood pressures (AP), cardiac output (CO), pulmonary arterial pressure, pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP), central venous pressure, respiratory rate (RR), tidal volume (TV), minute volume (MV), arterial blood gas data, core temperature (CT), and analgesic effects (by pricking the lumbar area and the abdominal wall) were determined at various times (2,5, 15, 30, 45, 60, and 90 minutes) after epidural administration of lidocaine ( 5 mg/kg), alfentanil (5 pg/kg), or xylazine (0.2 mg/kg), all diluted in NaCl 0.9% to 0.5 mL/kg. Statistical analysis included two-way analysis of variance for repeated measures and the least significant difference test for determining differences among means.…”