Relative burden of diarrheal cases in under-five children before and during COVID-19 pandemic in Ethiopia: a retrospective study

Zenebe, Tizazu; Eguale, Tadesse; Mihret, Adane; Abebe, Tamrat

doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-1756422/v1

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 19 publications

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“…A study in Ethiopia reported that there was a decrease of diarrhea during the pandemic although it was found not to be significant. 23 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of Protozoan Pathogens Among Diarrheic Children Under 5 Years in Public Hospital of Ethiopia During the Global COVID 19 Pandemic

Gobena,

Belina,

Hald

et al. 2024

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Acute childhood diarrhea is one of the leading causes of childhood morbidity and mortality in sub-Saharan African countries. Entamoeba histolytica and Giardia lamblia are the common cause of childhood diarrhea in the region. However, there are only few studies on protozoa causing diarrhea in sub-Saharan African countries. This study was conducted to investigate the relative prevalence and explore risk factors of E. histolytica and G. lamblia among diarrheic children of under 5 years in a public hospital of Ethiopia. A retrospective study was conducted among diarrheic children at Hiwot Fana hospital, Ethiopia. Records of all diarrheic children less than 5 years who had sought medical treatment in the hospital from September 1, 2020 to December 31, 2022 were included. Data were collected from 1257 medical records of the children using a structured data-collection format. Data were entered into an Excel sheet and exported into SPSS version 22 for data processing and analysis. Descriptive statistical tests, Chi-square, and logistic region analysis were applied to determine predictors of protozoa infections. Of the 1257 cases, 962 (76.5%) had watery diarrhea and the remaining 239 (19.0%) had dysentery. The combined prevalence of E. histolytica and G. lamblia among diarrheic children was 11.8% (95% CI: 9.6-13.4). As the age of children increased, the frequency of these two protozoan infections was significantly increased compared to children with other causes. There were more diarrhea cases during the summer season including those associated with E. histolytica and G. lamblia. This study revealed that 1 in 10 causes of diarhhea among young children in the study area was likely caused by E. histolytica and G. lamblia. These findings call for community-based safe water and food safety interventions in order to reduce childhood diarrhea caused by protozoan infections in resource-poor settings.

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“…A study in Ethiopia reported that there was a decrease of diarrhea during the pandemic although it was found not to be significant. 23 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of Protozoan Pathogens Among Diarrheic Children Under 5 Years in Public Hospital of Ethiopia During the Global COVID 19 Pandemic

Gobena,

Belina,

Hald

et al. 2024

INQUIRY

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Enteric Pathogens Detected in Children under Five Years Old Admitted with Diarrhea in Moshi, Kilimanjaro, Tanzania

et al. 2023

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Despite the availability and wide coverage of rotavirus vaccinations in Tanzania, there is still a significant number of diarrhea cases being reported, with some patients requiring hospital admission. We investigated diarrhea-causing pathogens and determined the effect of co-infection on clinical symptoms. Total nucleic acid was extracted from archived stool samples (N = 146) collected from children (0–59 months) admitted with diarrhea in health facilities in Moshi, Kilimanjaro. Pathogen detection was performed using the quantitative polymerase chain reaction with custom TaqMan Array cards. The Poisson model was used to determine the effect of co-infection on clinical presentation during admission. Of all the participants, 56.85% were from rural Moshi with a median age of 11.74 months (IQR: 7.41–19.09). Vomiting (88.36%) and a fever (60.27%) were the most frequent clinical manifestations. At least one diarrhea-associated pathogen was detected in 80.14% (n = 117) of the study population. The most prevalent pathogens were rotavirus 38.36% (n = 56), adenovirus 40/41 19.86% (n = 29), Shigella/EIEC 12.33% (n = 18), norovirus GII 11.44% (n = 17) and Cryptosporidium 9.59% (n = 14). Co-infections were detected in 26.03% of the study population (n = 38). The presence of multiple pathogens in the stool samples of children with diarrhea indicates poor sanitation and may have significant implications for disease management and patient outcomes.

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Relative burden of diarrheal cases in under-five children before and during COVID-19 pandemic in Ethiopia: a retrospective study

Cited by 2 publications

References 19 publications

Prevalence of Protozoan Pathogens Among Diarrheic Children Under 5 Years in Public Hospital of Ethiopia During the Global COVID 19 Pandemic

Prevalence of Protozoan Pathogens Among Diarrheic Children Under 5 Years in Public Hospital of Ethiopia During the Global COVID 19 Pandemic

Enteric Pathogens Detected in Children under Five Years Old Admitted with Diarrhea in Moshi, Kilimanjaro, Tanzania

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