Relative Catalytic Efficiency of
            <i>ldhL</i>
            - and
            <i>ldhD</i>
            -Encoded Products Is Crucial for Optical Purity of Lactic Acid Produced by Lactobacillus Strains

Zheng, Zhaojuan; Sheng, Binbin; Ma, Cuiqing; Zhang, Haiwei; Gao, Chao; Su, Fei; Xu, Ping

doi:10.1128/aem.00058-12

Appl Environ Microbiol

2012

DOI: 10.1128/aem.00058-12

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Relative Catalytic Efficiency of ldhL - and ldhD -Encoded Products Is Crucial for Optical Purity of Lactic Acid Produced by Lactobacillus Strains

Zhaojuan Zheng

Binbin Sheng

Cuiqing Ma

et al.

Abstract: ABSTRACTNAD-dependentl- andd-lactate dehydrogenases coexist inLactobacillusgenomes and may convert pyruvic acid intol-lactic acid andd-lactic acid, respectively. Our findings suggest that the relative catalytic efficiencies ofldhL- andldhD-encoded products are crucial for the optic… Show more

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Cited by 30 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Almost all LAB have LDHs, but the optical purities of lactic acids produced by various LAB are markedly different (1). NADdependent L-lactate dehydrogenases (L-nLDHs; EC 1.1.1.27) are responsible for the synthesis of L-lactic acid, whereas D-lactic acid can be produced in either of two ways: through NADH-dependent reduction of pyruvate by NAD-dependent D-lactate dehydrogenases (D-nLDHs; EC 1.1.1.28) or through racemization of L-lactic acid by an L-lactic-acid-inducible lactate racemase (9,10).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…PLA is a renewable and biodegradable material and is regarded as an environmentally friendly alternative to traditional plastics derived from fossil fuels (2). Since only the optically pure L-and D-lactic acid monomers can be used as precursors of PLA, the production of optically pure lactic acid is a prerequisite for polymer synthesis (1,3,4).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Many microorganisms, such as fungi, Lactobacillus species, Bacillus coagulans, and various genetically modified strains, can produce lactic acid (1,2,5,6). The bacterial genera that form lactic acid are often called lactic acid bacteria (LAB).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The use of lactic acid in the synthesis of polylactic acid (PLA) has been consistently on the rise (1). PLA is a renewable and biodegradable material and is regarded as an environmentally friendly alternative to traditional plastics derived from fossil fuels (2).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Major Role of NAD-Dependent Lactate Dehydrogenases in the Production of l -Lactic Acid with High Optical Purity by the Thermophile Bacillus coagulans

Wang

Cai

Zhu

et al. 2014

Appl Environ Microbiol

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Bacillus coagulans 2-6 is an excellent producer of optically pure L-lactic acid. However, little is known about the mechanism of synthesis of the highly optically pure L-lactic acid produced by this strain. Three enzymes responsible for lactic acid production-NAD-dependent L-lactate dehydrogenase (L-nLDH; encoded by ldhL), NAD-dependent D-lactate dehydrogenase (D-nLDH; encoded by ldhD), and glycolate oxidase (GOX)-were systematically investigated in order to study the relationship between these enzymes and the optical purity of lactic acid. Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus DSM 20081 (a D-lactic acid producer) and Lactobacillus plantarum subsp. plantarum DSM 20174 (a DL-lactic acid producer) were also examined in this study as comparative strains, in addition to B. coagulans. The specific activities of key enzymes for lactic acid production in the three strains were characterized in vivo and in vitro, and the levels of transcription of the ldhL, ldhD, and GOX genes during fermentation were also analyzed. The catalytic activities of L-nLDH and D-nLDH were different in L-, D-, and DL-lactic acid producers. Only L-nLDH activity was detected in B. coagulans 2-6 under native conditions, and the level of transcription of ldhL in B. coagulans 2-6 was much higher than that of ldhD or the GOX gene at all growth phases. However, for the two Lactobacillus strains used in this study, ldhD transcription levels were higher than those of ldhL. The high catalytic efficiency of L-nLDH toward pyruvate and the high transcription ratios of ldhL to ldhD and ldhL to the GOX gene provide the key explanations for the high optical purity of L-lactic acid produced by B. coagulans 2-6.

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Major Role of NAD-Dependent Lactate Dehydrogenases in the Production of l -Lactic Acid with High Optical Purity by the Thermophile Bacillus coagulans

Wang

Cai

Zhu

et al. 2014

Appl Environ Microbiol

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“…Lactate can be oxidized to pyruvate by NAD-dependent lactate dehydrogenases (nLDHs) and NAD-independent lactate dehydrogenases (iLDHs) (13). The nLDHs often play important roles in anaerobic fermentation to produce lactate from pyruvate (14,15). The iLDHs usually serve as the key enzymes to support the growth of microorganisms on lactate (9,(11)(12)(13).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Utilization of d -Lactate as an Energy Source Supports the Growth of Gluconobacter oxydans

Sheng

Zhang

et al. 2015

Appl Environ Microbiol

Self Cite

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b D-Lactate was identified as one of the few available organic acids that supported the growth of Gluconobacter oxydans 621H in this study. Interestingly, the strain used D-lactate as an energy source but not as a carbon source, unlike other lactate-utilizing bacteria. The enzymatic basis for the growth of G. oxydans 621H on D-lactate was therefore investigated. Although two putative NAD-independent D-lactate dehydrogenases, GOX1253 and GOX2071, were capable of oxidizing D-lactate, GOX1253 was the only enzyme able to support the D-lactate-driven growth of the strain. GOX1253 was characterized as a membrane-bound dehydrogenase with high activity toward D-lactate, while GOX2071 was characterized as a soluble oxidase with broad substrate specificity toward D-2-hydroxy acids. The latter used molecular oxygen as a direct electron acceptor, a feature that has not been reported previously in D-lactate-oxidizing enzymes. This study not only clarifies the mechanism for the growth of G. oxydans on D-lactate, but also provides new insights for applications of the important industrial microbe and the novel D-lactate oxidase.

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Microbial production of d‐lactic acid from dried distiller's grains with solubles

Zaini

Chatzifragkou

Charalampopoulos

2018

Engineering in Life Sciences

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d‐Lactic acid production is gaining increasing attention due to the thermostable properties of its polymer, poly‐d‐lactic acid . In this study, Lactobacillus coryniformis subsp. torquens, was evaluated for its ability to produce d‐lactic acid using Dried Distiller's Grains with Solubles (DDGS) hydrolysate as the substrate. DDGS was first subjected to alkaline pretreatment with sodium hydroxide to remove the hemicellulose component and the generated carbohydrate‐rich solids were then subjected to enzymatic hydrolysis using cellulase mixture Accellerase® 1500. When comparing separate hydrolysis and fermentation and simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) of L. coryniformis on DDGS hydrolysate, the latter method demonstrated higher d‐lactic acid production (27.9 g/L, 99.9% optical purity of d‐lactic acid), with a higher glucose to d‐lactic acid conversion yield (84.5%) compared to the former one (24.1 g/L, 99.9% optical purity of d‐lactic acid). In addition, the effect of increasing the DDGS concentration in the fermentation system was investigated via a fed‐batch SSF approach, where it was shown that the d‐lactic acid production increased to 38.1 g/L and the conversion yield decreased to 70%. In conclusion, the SSF approach proved to be an efficient strategy for the production of d‐lactic acid from DDGS as it reduced the overall processing time and yielded high d‐lactic acid concentrations.

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Relative Catalytic Efficiency of ldhL - and ldhD -Encoded Products Is Crucial for Optical Purity of Lactic Acid Produced by Lactobacillus Strains

Cited by 30 publications

References 23 publications

Major Role of NAD-Dependent Lactate Dehydrogenases in the Production of l -Lactic Acid with High Optical Purity by the Thermophile Bacillus coagulans

Major Role of NAD-Dependent Lactate Dehydrogenases in the Production of l -Lactic Acid with High Optical Purity by the Thermophile Bacillus coagulans

Utilization of d -Lactate as an Energy Source Supports the Growth of Gluconobacter oxydans

Microbial production of d‐lactic acid from dried distiller's grains with solubles

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