Relative Constructions in European Non-Standard Varieties

Murelli, Adriano

doi:10.1515/9783110238792

Cited by 34 publications

(10 citation statements)

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“…436 α-Hydroxytropolones are potent inhibitors of several medicinally relevant metalloenzymes, 437 including HIV reverse transcriptase RNase H, a promising target for the development of HIV therapeutics. 438 Like the analogous benzamides, amido-tropolones such as 10.20 are axially chiral about the C Ar -C(O) bond. However, these compounds are expected to exhibit higher enantiomerization barriers owing to the wider internal bond angles of the seven-membered tropolone ring that exacerbate strain in the coplanar rotational transition state.…”

Section: Atroposelective Bromination Of Tertiarymentioning

confidence: 99%

Asymmetric Catalysis Mediated by Synthetic Peptides, Version 2.0: Expansion of Scope and Mechanisms

et al. 2020

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Low molecular weight synthetic peptides have been demonstrated to be effective catalysts for an increasingly wide array of asymmetric transformations. In many cases, these peptide-based catalysts have enabled novel multifunctional substrate activation modes and unprecedented selectivity manifolds. These features, along with their ease of preparation, modular and tunable structures, and often biomimetic attributes make peptides well-suited as chiral catalysts, and of broad interest. Many examples of peptide-catalyzed asymmetric reactions have appeared in the literature since the last survey of this broad field in Chemical Reviews (Chem. Rev. 2007, 107, 5759-5812). The overarching goal of this new review is to provide a comprehensive account of the numerous advances in the field. As a corollary to this goal, we survey the many different types of catalytic reactions, ranging from acylation to C-C bond formation, in which peptides been successfully employed. In so doing, we devote significant discussion to the structural and mechanistic aspects of these reactions that are perhaps specific to peptide-based catalysts and their interactions with substrates and/or reagents.

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Section: Atroposelective Bromination Of Tertiarymentioning

confidence: 99%

Asymmetric Catalysis Mediated by Synthetic Peptides, Version 2.0: Expansion of Scope and Mechanisms

et al. 2020

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“…More recently, one can also consult the WALS Online database (Dryer & Haspelmath 2011;see especially chapters 60, 90, 96, 122, 123). Smits (1988) contains more details about the Germanic and Romance languages; Murelli (2011) focuses on non-standard varieties from different language families in Europe; the contributions in Comrie & Estrada-Fernández (2012) address languages in the Americas. A relatively recent update on RC-related universals and tendencies is De Vries (2005).…”

Section: Further Readingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relative Clauses in Syntax

Vries¹

2018

Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Linguistics

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A relative clause is a clausal modifier that relates to a constituent of the sentence, typically a noun phrase. This is the antecedent or “head” of the relative construction. What makes the configuration special is that the subordinate clause contains a variable that is bound by the head. For instance, in the English sentence Peter recited a poem that Anne liked, the object of the embedded verb liked is relativized. In this example, the relative clause is a restrictive property, and the possible reference of a poem is narrowed to poems that Anne likes. However, it is also possible to construct a relative clause non-restrictively. If the example is changed to Peter recited this poem by Keats, which Anne likes, the relative clause provides additional information about the antecedent, and the internal variable, here spelled out by the relative pronoun which, is necessarily coreferential with the antecedent. Almost all languages make use of (restrictive) relative constructions in one way or another. Various strategies of building relative clauses have been distinguished, which correlate at least partially with particular properties of languages, including word order patterns and the availability of certain pronouns. Relative clauses can follow or precede the head, or even include the head. Some languages make use of relative pronouns, while others use resumptive pronouns, or simply leave the relativized argument unpronounced in the subordinate clause. Furthermore, there is cross-linguistic variation in the range of syntactic functions that can be relativized. Notably, more than one type of relative clause can be present in one language. Special types of relative constructions include free relatives (with an implied pronominal antecedent), cleft constructions, and correlatives. There is an extensive literature on the structural analysis of relative constructions. Questions that are debated include: How can different subtypes be distinguished? How does the internal variable relate to the antecedent? How can reconstruction and anti-reconstruction effects be explained? At what structural level is the relative clause attached to the antecedent or the matrix clause?

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“…Slavic languages exhibit considerable variation in the use of relativizers, which manifests itself both language-internally and cross-linguistically, see among others Бауэр 1967;Křížková 1970;Gołąb, Friedman 1972;Murelli 2011]. A particular problem within the variation system concerns the com petition of the relative pronouns that can be labelled as 'who' and 'which.'…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Competition Between ‘Who’ and ‘Which’ in Slavic Light-Headed Relative Clauses

Kholodilova

2017

slov

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The relativization systems of most Slavic languages include relative pronouns that can be conventionally labelled as ‘who’ and ‘which’ and differ in a number of logically independent parameters (etymology, animacy, grammaticality of attributive contexts, and morphological distinction for number and gender). Prior research has shown that the choice between ‘who’ and ‘which’ in Slavic languages is largely dependent on the head type. Some of the languages allow the ‘who’ pronouns to be used with pronominal heads, but not with nouns in the head, while in others, the pronominal heads in the plural are also ungrammatical with the pronoun ‘who.’ The present study aims to complement the available qualitative data on the distribution of the relativizers with quantitative data and to propose a unified account for all the observed tendencies. A corpus-based study was conducted in order to establish language-internal statistical tendencies comparable to the known grammaticality restrictions. The results show much agreement between the qualitative and quantitative tendencies. Thus, the head ‘those,’ unlike the head ‘that,’ is incompatible with the relativizer ‘who’ in Slovak, Polish, Upper Sorbian, and Lower Sorbian languages, while the same tendency is quantitative in Czech, Slovene, Serbo-Croatian, Ukrainian, Belarusian, and the older varieties of Russian. Corpus data suggest that there is also a stronger tendency for the relative pronoun ‘who’ to be avoided with the head ‘those’ than with the head ‘all.’ One more relevant parameter is the semantic type of the clause, maximalizing semantics being the preferred option for ‘who.’ I suggest that all these and some other tendencies can be subsumed under a macro-parameter of the extent to which the head is integrated into the relative clause.

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Relative Constructions in European Non-Standard Varieties

Cited by 34 publications

References 0 publications

Asymmetric Catalysis Mediated by Synthetic Peptides, Version 2.0: Expansion of Scope and Mechanisms

Asymmetric Catalysis Mediated by Synthetic Peptides, Version 2.0: Expansion of Scope and Mechanisms

Relative Clauses in Syntax

Competition Between ‘Who’ and ‘Which’ in Slavic Light-Headed Relative Clauses

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