Relative contribution of aging and menopause to changes in lean and fat mass in segmental regions

Douchi, Tsutomu; Yamamoto, Shinako; Yoshimitsu, Nobuyuki; Andoh, Tetsuo; Matsuo, Takashi; Nagata, Yukihiro

doi:10.1016/s0378-5122(02)00161-5

Cited by 106 publications

(88 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Some studies using DXA (Wang et al, 1994 andDouchi et al, 2002) suggest that postmenopausal changes in body fat and fat distribution were more dependent on age than on menopause, in opposition to Trémollieres et al (1996). No menopause-related differences were evidenced in our study for similar age groups.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 58%

An evaluation of patterns of change in total and regional body fat mass in healthy Spanish subjects using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA)

2007

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Background/Objective: The aim of this study was to describe the evolution of total and regional fat mass according to gender, and to establish age and gender-related differences in a largely non-obese sedentary Spanish sample population using dualenergy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Subject/Methods: A total of 1113 healthy subjects (397 male and 716 female) from the city of Alcalá de Henares (Madrid), Spain, were used in the study. Fat mass measures were obtained from DXA scans of all subjects. Total body fat and body fat in three subregions (trunk, arms and legs) were evaluated. Results: As opposed to males, females showed from early infancy a smaller rate of muscular mass and a larger percentage of body fat (from 10 years of age), with fat deposits being basically gynoid or peripheral. With age, females showed a greater increase in fat mass together with an accelerated loss of muscular mass. Both rates tended to level out between 51 and 65 years of age. Between the ages of 40 and 60, females exhibited significant morphological evidence of larger fat depots in their legs. Conclusions: Gender differences in the patterns of proportion and distribution of body fat, as well as in the pattern of body fat evolution, were found from early infancy. Further research is required, including assessing fat mass variables in order to unravel the dynamic of body composition and to understand the complex relationship between trunk fat mass deposits and the health risks associated with obesity.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 58%

An evaluation of patterns of change in total and regional body fat mass in healthy Spanish subjects using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA)

2007

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“…DMPA induces hypoestrogenemia 26 which has been linked to visceral fat accumulation and weight gain in both animal models 27,28 and in humans. 29,30 Alternatively, MPA can activate the glucocorticoid signaling receptor 31 and, in higher doses, has been associated with glucocorticoid-like changes in fat mass in humans, 32 which include increased visceral fat. 33 DMPA could also alter neurohumeral regulation of appetite and energy expenditure at the level of the hypothalamus as has been suggested in rodent models.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Weight, fat mass, and central distribution of fat increase when women use depot-medroxyprogesterone acetate for contraception

et al. 2005

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OBJECTIVE:To compare longitudinal changes in weight, body fat, and ratio of central to peripheral fat mass among first-time depot-medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA) users to women using no hormonal contraception, and to evaluate user characteristics associated with that change. DESIGN: Prospective longitudinal study. SUBJECTS: Healthy women, aged 18-35 y, using DMPA for contraception (n ¼ 178) and women using no hormonal contraception (n ¼ 145). MEASUREMENTS: Weight, body fat, and the central distribution of fat, measured at 3-month intervals for 30 months, by electronic scale and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA). The ratio of central to peripheral distribution of body fat was computed by dividing the body fat in the conventional DEXA trunk region of interest (ROI) by the ROI's that encompass the arms, hips and legs. RESULTS: Women using DMPA had a significantly greater increase in all measures of fatness than women using no hormonal method of contraception (Po0. In contrast, weight, fat mass and the ratio of central to peripheral fat mass of control participants remained virtually unchanged over the same time period. Women with higher baseline physical activity levels had a smaller increase in body fat (P ¼ 0.003) and the fat ratio (P ¼ 0.03), but not weight (P ¼ 0.48). No other user characteristics including, smoking, past oral contraceptive use or previous pregnancies predicted change in level of fatness. CONCLUSIONS: This study has demonstrated a change in body composition toward greater fatness and toward a central redistribution of fat among DMPA users as compared to controls and provides important information to be used when counseling women regarding contraceptive methods. Given the potential long-term implication of these changes, further study is recommended to determine whether the gains in fatness are reversed following DMPA discontinuation and to examine the role of progestins in the development and maintenance of obesity.

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“…These changes include an increase in overall (total body) and central adiposity (androidal region), especially visceral adipose tissue (1), and a decrease in total and central lean tissue mass (2). In particular, central adiposity in postmenopausal women is a major risk factor for developing insulin resistance (3), atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (CVD) (4), dyslipidemia (5), hypertension (6), and breast cancer (7).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Centrally located body fat is related to appetitive hormones in healthy postmenopausal women.

Ritland¹,

Alekel²,

Matvienko³

et al. 2008

European Journal of Endocrinology

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Objective: Body composition and energy homeostasis are thought to affect the appetitive hormones: adiponectin, leptin, insulin, and ghrelin. This study examined whether centrally located fat and/or overall adiposity were related to these appetitive hormones in healthy postmenopausal women. Design: Overall and regional body composition was assessed by dual-energy X ray absorptiometry in relation to plasma adiponectin, serum leptin, serum insulin, and plasma ghrelin in 242 postmenopausal women. Results: Regression analyses revealed that the androidal-to-gynoidal fat mass ratio (18.0%), age (3.2%), and white blood cell count (1.8%) accounted for 28% of the variability in adiponectin (FZ22.2; P!0.0001); androidal (waistChip) fat mass (66.0%), androidal fat mass 2 (6.2%), wholebody lean mass (2.2%), and age (0.8%) accounted for 69% of the variability in leptin (FZ102.5; P!0.0001). Regression analyses revealed that sagittal abdominal diameter (8.4%), glucose (5.4%), white blood cell count (2.6%), and dietary u-3 fatty acids (2.0%) accounted for 32% of the variability in insulin (FZ20.8; P!0.0001); waist circumference (12.7%), hip lean mass (2.0%), and white blood cell count (1.9%) accounted for 26% of the variability in ghrelin (FZ20.7; P!0.0001). Our results indicated that centralized fat mass was the primary contributor to these appetitive hormones in healthy postmenopausal women. Conclusion: Since central adiposity in postmenopausal women was related to appetitive hormones, minimizing weight gain during the menopausal transition may optimize appetitive hormones, thereby facilitating appetite control and weight maintenance.European Journal of Endocrinology 158 889-897

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Relative contribution of aging and menopause to changes in lean and fat mass in segmental regions

Cited by 106 publications

References 15 publications

An evaluation of patterns of change in total and regional body fat mass in healthy Spanish subjects using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA)

An evaluation of patterns of change in total and regional body fat mass in healthy Spanish subjects using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA)

Weight, fat mass, and central distribution of fat increase when women use depot-medroxyprogesterone acetate for contraception

Centrally located body fat is related to appetitive hormones in healthy postmenopausal women.

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