Relative contributions of archaea and bacteria to microbial ammonia oxidation differ under different conditions during agricultural waste composting

Effect of turning frequency and season on composting materials from swine high-rise facilities

“…In other studies, AOB were found to be dominant (Yamada et al, 2013;Yamamoto et al, 2012). Authors speculate that differences in temperature, oxygen and initial NH 4 -N concentration may all contribute to dominance of one group of nitrifiers over another (Yamada et al, 2013;Yamamoto et al, 2010Yamamoto et al, , 2012Zeng et al, 2011).…”

“…However, significant increases in the concentration of AOB in the final stages of composting in the FT and over the course of composting in the ST suggest that AOB survived the high temperatures of composting. Zeng et al (2011) found that AOA dominated in their agricultural waste compost during thermophilic and cooling stages, while the activity of AOB correlated with ammonia oxidation during mesophilic and maturation stages. Our results also suggest that both groups of nitrifiers contributed to nitrification and their relative importance was difficult to predict in compost piles that were routinely turned.…”

A robust nitrifying community in a bioreactor at 50 °C opens up the path for thermophilic nitrogen removal

“…In contrast to the oligotrophic nature of these geothermal springs, this study enriched nitrifiers from aerobic compost, a nutrient-rich high-temperature anthropogenic environment. Although many archaeal amoA genes (Maeda et al, 2011;Zeng et al, 2011) and even 'Candidatus Nitrososphaera gargensis'-like sequences (Yamamoto et al, 2011;Oishi et al, 2012) were detected during composting processes, so far no autotrophic thermophilic nitrifiers were enriched from compost. Only a heterotrophic AOB growing at 50°C related to Bacillus halodurans was isolated previously from animal waste composting (Shimaya and Hashimoto, 2011).…”

“…Many archaeal ammonia monooxygenase subunit A (amoA) genes have been detected in high-temperature habitats such as deep-sea hydrothermal vents (Wang et al, 2009;Baker et al, 2012), subsurface thermal springs (Spear et al, 2007;Weidler et al, 2008) and terrestrial hot springs (Reigstad et al, 2008;Dodsworth et al, 2011). In addition to these oligotrophic ecosystems, the amoA gene was also found in nutrient-rich high-temperature engineered environments such as petroleum reservoirs and composting facilities (Zeng et al, 2011). Although many archaeal amoA genes were detected in thermophilic environments, only three enrichments have been described so far ('Candidatus Nitrosocaldus.…”

Diversity of Two-Domain Laccase-Like Multicopper Oxidase Genes in Streptomyces spp.: Identification of Genes Potentially Involved in Extracellular Activities and Lignocellulose Degradation during Composting of Agricultural Waste

“…omposting is a self-heating, aerobic biodecomposition process of organic waste that has advantages over other disposal strategies because it reduces waste volume by 40% to 50% and provides a final product that can be used as a soil conditioner or as good-quality fertilizer (1)(2)(3). As the important fraction of the agricultural wastes, lignin is highly resistant to microbial attack because of its complex cross-linked structure.…”