Relative effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccination with 3 compared to 2 doses against SARS-CoV-2 B.1.1.529 (Omicron) among an Australian population with low prior rates of SARS-CoV-2 infection

Liu, Bette; Gidding, Heather F.; Stepien, Sandrine; Cretikos, Michelle; Macartney, Kristine

doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2022.09.029

Cited by 23 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…We observed that the administration of a booster dose (mRNA vaccine) in addition to a homogenous primary vaccination (any type) schedule significantly reduced the estimated risk of progression of an BA.1, BA.2 or BA.4/5 Omicron infection to severe COVID-19 (experiencing an ARDS event, or ICU transfer, or in-hospital mortality) and in-hospital mortality in the population of patients treated for COVID-19 in a Belgian hospital. This is in line with results from previous studies, in which the effectiveness of an mRNA booster vaccination against severe Omicron infections was found to increase, compared to patients with only a primary vaccination [ 26 , 50 , 51 ]. Therefore, based on previous and the current results, in a period of predominant Omicron circulation, the administration of a booster vaccine dose can be recommended.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Homologous and Heterologous Prime-Boost Vaccination: Impact on Clinical Severity of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Infection among Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients in Belgium

et al. 2023

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We investigated effectiveness of (1) mRNA booster vaccination versus primary vaccination only and (2) heterologous (viral vector–mRNA) versus homologous (mRNA–mRNA) prime-boost vaccination against severe outcomes of BA.1, BA.2, BA.4 or BA.5 Omicron infection (confirmed by whole genome sequencing) among hospitalized COVID-19 patients using observational data from national COVID-19 registries. In addition, it was investigated whether the difference between the heterologous and homologous prime-boost vaccination was homogenous across Omicron sub-lineages. Regression standardization (parametric g-formula) was used to estimate counterfactual risks for severe COVID-19 (combination of severity indicators), intensive care unit (ICU) admission, and in-hospital mortality under exposure to different vaccination schedules. The estimated risk for severe COVID-19 and in-hospital mortality was significantly lower with an mRNA booster vaccination as compared to only a primary vaccination schedule (RR = 0.59 [0.33; 0.85] and RR = 0.47 [0.15; 0.79], respectively). No significance difference was observed in the estimated risk for severe COVID-19, ICU admission and in-hospital mortality with a heterologous compared to a homologous prime-boost vaccination schedule, and this difference was not significantly modified by the Omicron sub-lineage. Our results support evidence that mRNA booster vaccination reduced the risk of severe COVID-19 disease during the Omicron-predominant period.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Homologous and Heterologous Prime-Boost Vaccination: Impact on Clinical Severity of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Infection among Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients in Belgium

et al. 2023

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“…Most children in primary schools (aged 5–11 years) and all in ECECs were not eligible for vaccination during the study, and had a significantly higher risk of being infected (OR 7.9; 95% CI 3.3–19.3 p = <0.0001; and OR 4.5; 95% CI 1.8–11.0; p = 0.001, respectively) as compared with vaccinated school staff, unlike vaccinated high school students who were not at an elevated risk (OR 0.9; 95% CI: 0.3–2.8, p = 0.81). Consistent with the higher vaccine protection seen against severe disease, 25 , 26 no vaccinated secondary cases in our study required hospitalisation, either during the delta or omicron transmission periods. Unvaccinated infected younger children did not appear to experience a high risk of severe disease.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Understanding SARS-CoV-2 Delta and Omicron variant transmission and vaccine impact in schools and child-care settings in Australia: a population-based study

Koirala¹,

Winkler²,

Quinn³

et al. 2023

The Lancet Regional Health - Western Pacific

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“…The BNT162b2 mRNA (Pfizer Comirnaty) vaccine was set as the reference group as this was the most widely used vaccine type for both primary and booster doses. Analyses were adjusted for age (in 2-year increments), gender, socioeconomic status (deciles based on an Australian index using residence and census data 5 ), and number of comorbidities (based on ICD-10 coded hospitalisations with specified medical conditions in the 2 years prior to the analysis start date 3 ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative effectiveness of four COVID-19 vaccines, BNT162b2 mRNA, mRNA-1273, ChAdOx1 nCov-19 and NVX-CoV2373 against SARS-CoV-2 B.1.1.529 (Omicron) infection

Liu

Stepien

Qian

et al. 2022

Preprint

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There is limited data directly comparing the effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines. We compared rates of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.1/2 infection in Australian adults during March to May 2022 who had received one of four COVID-19 vaccines in the last 14-63 days as either a primary course or a booster dose. As a primary course, compared to recipients of BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine, adjusted hazard ratios for SARS-CoV-2 infection were 1.03 (95%CI 0.82-1.30), 1.19 (0.95-1.49), 1.70 (1.46-1.97) for respectively mRNA-1273, ChAdOx-1 nCov-19 and NVX-CoV2373. For booster dose, respective adjusted hazard ratios compared to BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine were 1.02 (95%CI 1.00-1.04), 1.20 (1.10-1.32), 1.39 (1.20-1.60). Our findings suggest relatively higher effectiveness of ancestral strain mRNA vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 Omicron infection than viral vector and protein subunit vaccines, but further studies are required due to small numbers of recipients of ChAdOx-1 nCov-19 and NVX-CoV2373.

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Relative effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccination with 3 compared to 2 doses against SARS-CoV-2 B.1.1.529 (Omicron) among an Australian population with low prior rates of SARS-CoV-2 infection

Cited by 23 publications

References 19 publications

Homologous and Heterologous Prime-Boost Vaccination: Impact on Clinical Severity of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Infection among Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients in Belgium

Homologous and Heterologous Prime-Boost Vaccination: Impact on Clinical Severity of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Infection among Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients in Belgium

Understanding SARS-CoV-2 Delta and Omicron variant transmission and vaccine impact in schools and child-care settings in Australia: a population-based study

Comparative effectiveness of four COVID-19 vaccines, BNT162b2 mRNA, mRNA-1273, ChAdOx1 nCov-19 and NVX-CoV2373 against SARS-CoV-2 B.1.1.529 (Omicron) infection

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