Relative Effects of Survival and Reproduction on the Population Dynamics of Emperor Geese

Schmutz, Joel A.; Rockwell, Robert F.; Petersen, Margaret R.

doi:10.2307/3802428

Cited by 83 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Also, Harlequin Duck adult female survival during winters 1995-1998 was lower on oiled areas than unoiled areas , and laboratory studies support logical links between reduced survival rates and oil exposure (Holmes et al 1979). Because population dynamics of birds with life histories like Harlequin Ducks are particularly sensitive to variation in adult female survival (Goudie et al 1994, Schmutz et al 1997, lower survival on oiled areas may have led to population declines (Rosenberg and Petrula 1998) and hence lower densities on oiled areas than predicted, as found in this study. Harlequin Duck populations have relatively low intrinsic growth rates (Goudie et al 1994), so full recovery (i.e., duck densities at levels predicted from intrinsic habitat attributes) likely will not occur until long after deleterious effects of the oil spill have ceased.…”

Section: Effects Of History Of Oil Contaminationsupporting

confidence: 66%

Comparison of Coastal Fringe and Interior Forests as Reserves for Marbled Murrelets on Vancouver Island

Burger¹,

Bahn²

2000

The Condor

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Abstract. Much of the protected habitat available to the threatened Marbled Murrelet Brachyramphus marmoratus and other old-growth associated species in the Pacific Northwest is in narrow strips along the coast (e.g., parks and scenic fringes). Using data over two years from three watersheds on southwest Vancouver Island, we show that such shoreline strip forests represent suboptimal habitat for murrelets. Murrelet detections, including circling and subcanopy behaviors, were significantly lower at 30 coastal stations (20-250 m from the shoreline edge) than at 30 interior stations (1.5-21.0 km inland). Densities of predators were significantly higher at the coastal stations. The coastal trees were of similar mean height and diameter, but they had lower structural diversity and provided fewer and less suitable (thinner epiphyte cover on large boughs) nesting platforms than trees in the interior. When possible, reserves for Marbled Murrelets should be placed in interior and not shoreline forests. Key words: Brachyramphus marmoratus, coastal forests, Marbled Murrelet, nesting, Vancouver Island.Many parks and other protected areas along the coast of the Pacific Northwest consist of narrow strips of old-growth forest bordering the ocean. These strips serve as recreation areas and ''scenic fringes'' in areas frequented by tourists, or protect sensitive shoreline areas and fish spawning sites when clearcut logging occurs. Such strips of forest are usually included in the inventory of habitat available for the Marbled Murrelet Brachyramphus marmoratus, and other old-growth associated species. There is evidence from the Queen Charlotte Islands (Rodway et al. 1991), Vancouver Island (Rodway and Regehr 1999), and Washington state (Hamer 1995) that shoreline fringe forests might not provide optimal nest habitats for murrelets. In this paper we specifically address this issue by comparing murrelet detection rates, habitat measures, and densities of predators at shoreline and interior sites in three watersheds on Vancouver Island.Marbled Murrelets are listed as threatened through most of their range in the Pacific Northwest, apart from Alaska (Ralph et al. 1995). Loss of nesting habitat through logging of old-growth forest is the greatest threat (Ralph et al. 1995, Nelson 1997, but increased predation at nests, due to edge-effects created by clear-1 Received 31 January 2000. Accepted 19 July 2000. cut logging, is an additional problem (Nelson and Hamer 1995, Manley 1999). At sea, oil pollution, gill nets, and aquaculture pose problems for murrelets (Ralph et al. 1995). The high economic value of the forests in which murrelets nest ensures conflicts between conservation and timber extraction priorities. In both Canada and the U.S., there are procedures for protecting the murrelet's nesting habitat, but it is critically important that the protected areas meet the murrelet's nesting habitat requirements and do not have unusually high densities of predators. Our study therefore focused on the adequacy of shoreline strip forests ...

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Section: Effects Of History Of Oil Contaminationsupporting

confidence: 66%

Comparison of Coastal Fringe and Interior Forests as Reserves for Marbled Murrelets on Vancouver Island

Burger¹,

Bahn²

2000

The Condor

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“…Both methods provide only a moderate degree of relief, at best. Many studies have demonstrated that altering survival of adult geese is much more effective in changing population size than altering recruitment rates (Trost et al 1986;Schmutz et al 1997). However, direct culling of molting birds continues to remain a socially unacceptable option for population control in many areas.…”

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confidence: 99%

Management Implications of Molt Migration by the Atlantic Flyway Resident Population of Canada Geese, <em>Branta canadensis</em>

et al. 2007

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We used satellite-tracked transmitters in 2001 and 2003 to document the timing, location, and extent of molt migrations by female Canada Geese (Branta canadensis) affiliated with the Atlantic Flyway Resident Population (AFRP) of Canada Geese that breed in the temperate region of eastern North America. Twenty-seven adult females were captured during the nesting period in late May and fitted with a satellite transmitter mounted either on a plastic neck collar or backpack harness. Nests of 24 birds were destroyed late in incubation to prevent renesting and ensure nest failure; three females did not have nests. Twelve of the 27 birds (44%) made a northward migration to molt in northern Quebec, Canada: seven to the eastern coast of Hudson Bay (58°12'N, 76°60'W), three to lowland areas east of James Bay (53°30'N, 79°02'W), and two to interior locations south of Ungava Bay (55°54'N, 68°24'W). Molt migrants were present in northern Quebec from June to September, a period that coincides with breeding ground aerial surveys and banding operations conducted for Atlantic Population (AP) Canada Geese that breed in this same region of northern Quebec. With >1 million AFRP geese estimated in the Atlantic Flyway, the potential exists for substantial numbers of yearling, sub-adult, and nest-failed or non-breeding adults to molt migrate to northern breeding areas and bias efforts to survey and mark AP geese. Within AFRP breeding areas, many local flocks have reached nuisance levels. We hypothesized that by inducing molt migration in breeding adults, through destruction of nests late in incubation, we would lessen recruitment, reduce numbers of summer resident adults with young, and increase adult mortality from hunting. However, molt migration behavior was not uniform throughout our study area. Molt migrants were from rural areas in New York, Pennsylvania, and Vermont, whereas marked birds that did not make molt migrations were from more coastal regions of the flyway. The 14 birds that did not make a molt migration remained within 60 km of their banding site. A genetic comparison of these two groups revealed no detectable differences. We conclude that failure to undergo a molt migration is likely attributed to the historical origin of captive-reared birds of mixed subspecies that comprise AFRP flocks in the eastern regions of the flyway and the availability of quality local habitat, distinct from brood-rearing areas, for molting.

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“…In long‐lived bird species like geese, population growth rate is more sensitive to changes in adult survival than in fecundity (Lebreton & Clobert 1991, Schmutz et al . 1997, Tombre et al .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Trends in annual and seasonal survival of Pink‐footed GeeseAnser brachyrhynchus

Madsen¹,

Frederiksen²,

Ganter³

2002

Ibis

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Adult Pink‐footed Geese Anser brachyrhynchus from the Svalbard breeding population were neck‐banded and resighted in staging and wintering areas outside the breeding season 1990–1999. We estimated annual and seasonal survival using capture–recapture statistical models. Mean annual survival was 0.829, declining over the study period from 0.90 to 0.79. The annual cycle was partitioned into three periods: summer (1 April–30 September), including both spring and autumn migration, autumn (1 October–31 December), including most shooting, and winter (1 January–31 March). The parsimonious model selected to describe seasonal survival included a declining trend in summer survival, constant autumn and winter survival with lower survival in the severe winter of 1996, and an additive effect of sex on summer and winter survival. Monthly survival was highest during winter. Decreasing summer survival was the main contributor to the overall decline in annual survival, and was attributed mainly to increasing natural mortality on the breeding grounds. Mean annual survival based on the seasonal survival probabilities was 0.835 for females and 0.805 for males. The effect of sex was most pronounced during summer and remains to be explained.

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Relative Effects of Survival and Reproduction on the Population Dynamics of Emperor Geese

Cited by 83 publications

References 31 publications

Comparison of Coastal Fringe and Interior Forests as Reserves for Marbled Murrelets on Vancouver Island

Comparison of Coastal Fringe and Interior Forests as Reserves for Marbled Murrelets on Vancouver Island

Management Implications of Molt Migration by the Atlantic Flyway Resident Population of Canada Geese, <em>Branta canadensis</em>

Trends in annual and seasonal survival of Pink‐footed GeeseAnser brachyrhynchus

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