Relative efficacy of desensitization and modeling approaches for inducing behavioral, affective, and attitudinal changes.

Bandura, Albert; Blahard, E B; Ritter, Brunhilde

doi:10.1037/h0028276

Cited by 536 publications

(262 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…In an early series of studies, Bandura and colleagues found clear, short-term effects of observational learning in both adults and children (Bandura et al 1969(Bandura et al , 1967Bandura and Rosenthal 1966). Although the majority of these studies were aimed at demonstrating fear reduction via modeling rather than at fear acquisition, results provide some evidence that brief, conditioned emotional reactions can be acquired through observation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Maternal Modeling and the Acquisition of Fear and Avoidance in Toddlers: Influence of Stimulus Preparedness and Child Temperament

Dubi

Rapee

Emerton

et al. 2007

J Abnorm Child Psychol

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The aim of the present study was to investigate the influence of maternal modeling on the acquisition of fear and avoidance towards fear-relevant and fear-irrelevant, novel stimuli in a sample of 71 toddlers. Children were shown a rubber snake or spider (fear-relevant objects) and a rubber mushroom or flower (fear-irrelevant objects), which were alternately paired with either negative or positive expression by their mothers. Both stimuli were presented again after a 1-and a 10-min delay, while mothers maintained a neutral expression. The toddlers showed increased fear and avoidance of the objects following negative reaction from their mothers than following positive maternal expression. This was similarly true for both fearrelevant and fear-irrelevant stimuli. In addition, no association was found between child temperament and behavioral responses and a weak association emerged between child temperament and emotional responses. The results demonstrate that young children can rapidly form conditioned emotional and behavioral responses via maternal reactions regardless of stimulus preparedness or child temperament. It is suggested that early maternal modeling may be relevant to a broad spectrum of fearful reactions.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Maternal Modeling and the Acquisition of Fear and Avoidance in Toddlers: Influence of Stimulus Preparedness and Child Temperament

Dubi

Rapee

Emerton

et al. 2007

J Abnorm Child Psychol

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show abstract

“…According to social learning theory, observing a particular behavior creates a mental representation of the behavior to support retention, which can then be entered into one's behavioral repertoire through practice. Although much of the evidence supporting social learning theory focused on evidence of imitative learning in children, later studies with adults have shown that modeling and practice of behavior can be more effective in changing a wide range of behaviors than training methods without any modeling or practice (Bandura, Blanchard, & Ritter, 1969;Haguenauer et al, 2005;O'Toole, 1979;Brown et al, 2004).…”

Section: Provision Of Modeling and Practice In Parenting Educationmentioning

confidence: 99%

The added impact of parenting education in early childhood education programs: A meta-analysis

Grindal

Bowne²,

Yoshikawa

et al. 2016

Children and Youth Services Review

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“…A third possible reason that stronger evidence of negative modeling has not been reported is the low base-rate frequency of the targeted behaviors in many studies (e.g., Bandura & Adams, 1977;Bandura & Barab, 1973;Bandura, Blanchard, & Ritter, 1969;Bandura, Ross, & Ross, 1961;Fryrear & Thelen, 1969;Herbert, Gelfand, & Hartmann, 1969). If the probability that a participant would produce a response is near zero with no exposure to a model, a significant decrease in this probability may not be readily detectable or even possible.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Positive and Negative Opinion Modeling: The Influence of Another's Similarity and Dissimilarity.

Hilmert¹,

Kulik²,

Christenfeld³

2006

Journal of Personality and Social Psychology

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Modeling research that has focused on the effects of observing similar others appears to have underestimated the influence of observing dissimilar others. Two experiments demonstrated that observing a model express liking for a piece of music induced more favorable opinions of the music (positive modeling) when the model was similar to the participant observer in relevant opinions, and more negative opinions (negative modeling) when the model was dissimilar to the participant in relevant opinions. Of note, this pattern was more pronounced when participants also believed their general backgrounds were dissimilar rather than similar to that of the model. Underlying social comparison processes and the mediational role of participants' liking of the model are considered.

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Relative efficacy of desensitization and modeling approaches for inducing behavioral, affective, and attitudinal changes.

Cited by 536 publications

References 35 publications

Maternal Modeling and the Acquisition of Fear and Avoidance in Toddlers: Influence of Stimulus Preparedness and Child Temperament

Maternal Modeling and the Acquisition of Fear and Avoidance in Toddlers: Influence of Stimulus Preparedness and Child Temperament

The added impact of parenting education in early childhood education programs: A meta-analysis

Positive and Negative Opinion Modeling: The Influence of Another's Similarity and Dissimilarity.

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