Relative energy deficiency in sport (RED-S)

Statuta, Siobhán M.; Asif, Irfan M.; Drezner, Jonathan A.

doi:10.1136/bjsports-2017-097700

Cited by 46 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 4 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Indeed, safe implementation requires nutrition-specific knowledge, an understanding of training periodization, and a degree of experience and self-awareness on behalf of the athlete with respect to their requirements. As such, athletes are cautioned against training in a chronically depleted state (especially during intensive training periods, or when repeated days of prolonged training are scheduled) as this may lead to low energy availability and, ultimately, relative energy deficiency (RED-S [46];). A further consideration is that high-intensity performance will likely be compromised by low glycogen availability, due to a relative inability to sustain a high work rate [45].…”

Section: Considerations For Trainingmentioning

confidence: 99%

International Society of Sports Nutrition Position Stand: nutritional considerations for single-stage ultra-marathon training and racing

Tiller

Roberts

Beasley

et al. 2019

Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition

106

137

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background In this Position Statement, the International Society of Sports Nutrition (ISSN) provides an objective and critical review of the literature pertinent to nutritional considerations for training and racing in single-stage ultra-marathon. Recommendations for Training. i) Ultra-marathon runners should aim to meet the caloric demands of training by following an individualized and periodized strategy, comprising a varied, food-first approach; ii) Athletes should plan and implement their nutrition strategy with sufficient time to permit adaptations that enhance fat oxidative capacity; iii) The evidence overwhelmingly supports the inclusion of a moderate-to-high carbohydrate diet (i.e., ~ 60% of energy intake, 5–8 g·kg− 1·d− 1) to mitigate the negative effects of chronic, training-induced glycogen depletion; iv) Limiting carbohydrate intake before selected low-intensity sessions, and/or moderating daily carbohydrate intake, may enhance mitochondrial function and fat oxidative capacity. Nevertheless, this approach may compromise performance during high-intensity efforts; v) Protein intakes of ~ 1.6 g·kg− 1·d− 1 are necessary to maintain lean mass and support recovery from training, but amounts up to 2.5 g.kg− 1·d− 1 may be warranted during demanding training when calorie requirements are greater; Recommendations for Racing. vi) To attenuate caloric deficits, runners should aim to consume 150–400 Kcal·h− 1 (carbohydrate, 30–50 g·h− 1; protein, 5–10 g·h− 1) from a variety of calorie-dense foods. Consideration must be given to food palatability, individual tolerance, and the increased preference for savory foods in longer races; vii) Fluid volumes of 450–750 mL·h− 1 (~ 150–250 mL every 20 min) are recommended during racing. To minimize the likelihood of hyponatraemia, electrolytes (mainly sodium) may be needed in concentrations greater than that provided by most commercial products (i.e., > 575 mg·L− 1 sodium). Fluid and electrolyte requirements will be elevated when running in hot and/or humid conditions; viii) Evidence supports progressive gut-training and/or low-FODMAP diets (fermentable oligosaccharide, disaccharide, monosaccharide and polyol) to alleviate symptoms of gastrointestinal distress during racing; ix) The evidence in support of ketogenic diets and/or ketone esters to improve ultra-marathon performance is lacking, with further research warranted; x) Evidence supports the strategic use of caffeine to sustain performance in the latter stages of racing, particularly when sleep deprivation may compromise athlete safety.

show abstract

Section: Considerations For Trainingmentioning

confidence: 99%

International Society of Sports Nutrition Position Stand: nutritional considerations for single-stage ultra-marathon training and racing

Tiller

Roberts

Beasley

et al. 2019

Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition

106

137

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Incomplete and inadequate information provided by family, teammates, and coaches can also contribute negatively to the athlete's performance [12]. In addition, insu cient diet intake and excessive energy expenditure could lead to relative energy de ciency in sport (RED-S) among athletes [13]. The RED-S could be exacerbated by poor nutrition knowledge and attitudes towards eating behavior ultimately diminishing the athletic performance [14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of nutrition knowledge, practice, supplement use and nutrient intake with athletic performance among Taekwondo players in Nepal

Sunuwar¹,

Singh

Bohora

et al. 2021

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Introduction: Adequate knowledge on nutrition and dietary intake are important to enhance the athletic performance. When athletes’ nutrition requirements are not met, they are more likely to be exhausted compromising athletic performance. The main objective of this study was to measure the association of nutritional knowledge, practice, supplement use, and nutrient intake with athletic performance among Nepalese Taekwondo (TKD) players. Methodology: We conducted an analytical cross-sectional study among 293 Taekwondo players of Kathmandu Metropolitan City, between August 2019 and January 2020. A two-stage cluster random sampling technique was used to select respondents for this study. Face-to-face interviews were carried out using semi-structured questionnaires. Nutrition knowledge (NK), nutrition practice (NP), supplement use, nutrient intake using 24-hour dietary recall, and anthropometric measurements were taken. A handgrip dynamometer was used to assess the handgrip strength (HGS) as an indirect measure of athletic performance. Univariate and bivariate analyses were used to find out the association of predictor and outcome variables. Data were analyzed using Stata/MP version 14.1.Results: Out of 293 participants, more than half (56.3% and 55.6%) had poor nutrition knowledge and nutrition practice scores, respectively. Total energy (2368 Kcal), carbohydrate (430.5 gm), protein (79.5 gm ), fat (71.2 gm), calcium (416 mg), and iron (7 mg) intake among TKD players were significantly lower than the corresponding Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDA) for athletes. Nutritional knowledge score (r=0.117, p<0.045), height (r=0.538, p<0.001), weight (r=0.651, p<0.001), BMI (r=0.347, p<0.001), fat (r=0.075, p<0.002), and energy (r=0.127, p<0.029) intake showed significant positive correlation with handgrip strength of athletes. The athletic performance were positively associated with training hours per day (β=0.41, 95% CI: 0.09-0.91), BMI (β=0.35, 95% CI: 0.09-0.61), NK score (β=0.13, 95% CI: 0.01-0.25), and energy intake (β=0.13, 95% CI: 0.12=0.14).Conclusions: The results suggest that nutritional knowledge and nutrient intake both were poor among TKD athletes. Height, weight, BMI, nutritional knowledge, energy, and fat intake showed positive correlation with athletic performance. Future studies can build on the premise of this study to identify the robust relationship between nutritional knowledge, practice, different supplement use, and nutrient intake among athletes.

show abstract

“…Therefore, low energy availability is thought to facilitate relative energy deficiency in sport (RED-S). RED-S occurs in both genders and decreases endurance capacity, increases the risk of injury, and reduces glycogen stores (Statuta, Asif, & Drezner, 2017). In fact, LEA is frequently observed in endurance athletes (e.g., marathon runners) during daily training (Loucks, 2007), and it may increase the risk of iron deficiency (Petkus, Murray-Kolb, & De Souza, 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of low energy availability during three consecutive days of endurance training on iron metabolism in male long distance runners

et al. 2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

Relative energy deficiency in sport (RED-S)

Cited by 46 publications

References 4 publications

International Society of Sports Nutrition Position Stand: nutritional considerations for single-stage ultra-marathon training and racing

International Society of Sports Nutrition Position Stand: nutritional considerations for single-stage ultra-marathon training and racing

Association of nutrition knowledge, practice, supplement use and nutrient intake with athletic performance among Taekwondo players in Nepal

Effect of low energy availability during three consecutive days of endurance training on iron metabolism in male long distance runners

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About