Relative expression of mRNA for the somatostatin receptors in the caudate putamen of C57BL/6J and 129P3/J mice: Strain and heroin effects

Schlussman, Stefan D.; Cassin, J.; Levran, Orna; Zhang, Yong; Ho, Ann; Kreek, Mary Jeanne

doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2010.05.025

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 61 publications

(83 reference statements)

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“…Interestingly, this same sub-strain of mice was shown to require both contextual and drug cues in order to express conditioned place preference to morphine and it was suggested that higher relative levels of anxiety in the 129 strain of mice may explain these differences (Dockstader & van der Kooy 2001). We have also reported that these same mice whose tissues were used in the present study show significant differences in the expression of specific somatostatin receptor mRNAs within discrete regions of the central nervous system (Schlussman et al 2010b). …”

Section: : Discussionsupporting

confidence: 63%

“…This may be related to a higher relative expression of Oprd1 mRNA. We have reported that in the mice whose tissue was studied here, 129P3/J animals have higher levels of somatostatin receptor-2 mRNA in the caudate putamen (Schlussman et al 2010a). Somatostatin receptor -2 knockout mice have increased anxiety-like behavior (Viollet et al 2000) which suggest that higher levels of Somatostatin receptor 2 mRNA might be associated with decreased levels of anxiety.…”

Section: : Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

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Regional mRNA expression of the endogenous opioid and dopaminergic systems in brains of C57BL/6J and 129P3/J mice: Strain and heroin effects

Schlussman¹,

Cassin²,

Zhang³

et al. 2011

Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior

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We have previously shown strain and dose differences in heroin-induced behavior, reward and regional expression of somatostatin receptor mRNAs in C57BL/6J and 129P3/J mice. Using Real Time PCR we examined the effects of five doses of heroin on the levels of the transcripts of endogenous opioid peptides and their receptors and dopaminergic receptors in the mesocorticolimbic and nigrostriatal pathways in these same mice. Compared to C57BL/6J animals, 129P3/J mice had higher mRNA levels of Oprk1 in the nucleus accumbens and of Oprd1 in the nucleus accumbens and a region containing both the substantia nigra and ventral tegmental area (SN/VTA). In the cortex of 129P3/J mice, lower levels of both Oprk1 and Oprd1 mRNAs were observed. Pdyn mRNA was also lower in the caudate putamen of 129P3/J mice. Strain differences were not found in the levels of Oprm1, Penk or Pomc mRNAs in any region examined. Within strains, complex patterns of heroin dose-dependent changes in the levels of Oprm1, Oprk1 and Oprd1 mRNAs were observed in the SN/VTA. Additionally, Oprd1 mRNA was dose-dependently elevated in the hypothalamus. Also in the hypothalamus, we found higher levels of Drd1a mRNA in C57BL/6J mice than in 129P3/J animals and higher levels of DAT (Slc6a3) mRNA in the caudate putamen of C57BL/6J animals than in 129P3/J counterparts. Heroin had dose-related effects on Drd1a mRNA in the hypothalamus and on Drd2 mRNA in the caudate putamen.

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Section: : Discussionsupporting

confidence: 63%

Section: : Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Regional mRNA expression of the endogenous opioid and dopaminergic systems in brains of C57BL/6J and 129P3/J mice: Strain and heroin effects

Schlussman¹,

Cassin²,

Zhang³

et al. 2011

Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior

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“…We have previously reported significant strain differences and heroin related effects on the expression levels of mRNAs of the somatostinergic system (Schlussman et al, 2010), the opioidergic system (Schlussman et al, 2011), and the DAergic system (Schlussman et al, 2011) in the same mice used in the present report. Here we extend our studies by examining the relative expression of GABA receptor subunit mRNAs in various brain regions of these C57BL/6J and 129P3/J mice.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 57%

Regional mRNA expression of GABAergic receptor subunits in brains of C57BL/6J and 129P3/J mice: Strain and heroin effects

et al. 2013

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C57BL/6J and 129 substrains of mice are known to differ in their basal levels of anxiety and behavioral response to drugs of abuse. We have previously shown strain differences in heroin-induced conditioned place preference (CPP) between C57BL/6J (C57) and 129P3/J (129) mice, and in the regional expression of several receptor and peptide mRNAs. In this study, we examined the contribution of the GABAergic system in the cortex, nucleus accumbens (NAc), caudate putamen (CPu) and the region containing the substantia nigra and ventral tegmental area (SN/VTA) to heroin reward by measuring mRNA levels of 7 of the most commonly expressed GABA-A receptor subunits, and both GABA-B receptor subunits, in these same mice following saline (control) or heroin administration in a CPP design. Using real-time PCR, we studied the effects of strain and heroin administration on GABA-A α1, α2, α3, β2, and γ2 subunits, which typically constitute synaptic GABA-A receptors, GABA-A α4 and δ subunits, which typically constitute extrasynaptic GABA-A receptors, and GABA-B R1 and R2 subunits. In saline-treated animals, we found an experiment-wise significant strain difference in GABA-Aα2 mRNA expression in the SN/VTA. Point-wise significant strain differences were also observed in GABA-Aα2, GABA-Aα3, and GABA-Aα4 mRNA expression in the NAc, as well as GABA-BR2 mRNA expression in the NAc and CPu, and GABA-BR1 mRNA expression in the cortex. For all differences, 129 mice had higher mRNA expression compared to C57 animals, with the exception of GABA-BR1 mRNA in the cortex where we observed lower levels in 129 mice. Therefore, it may be possible that known behavioral differences between these two strains are, in part, due to differences in their GABAergic systems. While we did not find heroin dose-related changes in mRNA expression levels in C57 mice, we did observe dose-related differences in 129 mice. These results may relate to our earlier behavioral finding that 129 mice are hyporesponsive to the rewarding effects of heroin.

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“…Primers specific for the prodynorphin gene and glyceraldehydes 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) gene (Applied Biosystems, Foster City, CA) were used. GAPDH is ubiquitously expressed and was measured here as a “house-keeping” gene for normalization(schlussman et al, 2010). Prodynorphin and GAPDH expression levels were determined with ABI Prism 7900HT Sequence Detection System (Applied Biosystems) in a total volume of 12 μl in the presence of TaqMan® Universal PCR Master Mix (Applied Biosystems), with 2 μl of 1:10 diluted cDNA.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chromatin alterations in response to forced swimming underlie increased prodynorphin transcription

et al. 2012

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Antagonism of the kappa opioid receptor (KOR) has been reported to have anti-depressant-like properties. The dynorphin/KOR system is a crucial neurochemical substrate underlying the pathologies of addictive diseases, affective disorders and other disease states. However, the molecular underpinnings and neuroanatomical localization of the dysregulation of this system have not yet been fully elucidated. Utilizing the Porsolt Forced Swim Test (FST), an acute stressor commonly used as in rodent models measuring antidepressant efficacy, male Sprague-Dawley rats were subject to forced swimming for 15 minutes, treated 1 hour with vehicle or nor-BNI (5 or 10 mg/kg), and then 1 day later subject to FST for five minutes. In accordance with previous findings, nor-BNI dose dependently increased climbing time and reduced immobility. In comparison to control animals not exposed to FST, we observed a significant elevation in prodynorphin (pDyn) mRNA levels following FST using real-time optical PCR in the caudate putamen but not in the nucleus accumbens, hypothalamus, amygdala, frontal cortex, or hippocampus. Nor-BNI treatment did not affect pDyn mRNA levels in comparison to animals that received vehicle. The corresponding brain regions from the opposite hemisphere were analyzed for underlying chromatin modifications of the prodynorphin gene promoter region using chromatin immunoprecipitation with antibodies against specifically methylated histones H3K27Me2, H3K27Me3, H3K4Me2, and H3K4Me3, as well as CREB-1 and MeCP2. Significant alterations in proteins bound to DNA in the Cre-3, Cre-4, and Sp1 regions of the prodynorphin promoter were found in the caudate putamen of the FST saline-treated animals compared to control animals, with no changes observed in the hippocampus. Epigenetic changes resulting in elevated dynorphin levels specifically in the caudate putamen may in part underlie the enduring effects of stress.

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Relative expression of mRNA for the somatostatin receptors in the caudate putamen of C57BL/6J and 129P3/J mice: Strain and heroin effects

Cited by 4 publications

References 61 publications

Regional mRNA expression of the endogenous opioid and dopaminergic systems in brains of C57BL/6J and 129P3/J mice: Strain and heroin effects

Regional mRNA expression of the endogenous opioid and dopaminergic systems in brains of C57BL/6J and 129P3/J mice: Strain and heroin effects

Regional mRNA expression of GABAergic receptor subunits in brains of C57BL/6J and 129P3/J mice: Strain and heroin effects

Chromatin alterations in response to forced swimming underlie increased prodynorphin transcription

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