Relative Fitness of Malathion-Resistant Phenotypes of Oryzaephilus surinamensis L. (Coleoptera: Silvanidae)

Muggleton, J.

doi:10.2307/2403390

Cited by 33 publications

(23 citation statements)

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“…Of course the resistant strain was fitter in the presence of insecticides, but when untreated its fecundity and survival rates were lower than the susceptible one and its development was slower. An especially good study of this phenomenon, inferring selection coefficients from gene frequency changes after several generations of relaxed selection, has been reported by Muggleton (1983). He found a selective disadvantage to the resistant genotype of 25% or more when insecticide was absent.…”

Section: Evolution Of Resistancementioning

confidence: 99%

Genetics and evolution of resistance to insecticides

Taylor

1986

Biological Journal of the Linnean Society

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The evolution of resistance to insecticides has become a serious problem world‐wide. It is important to identify patterns of insecticide use whereby insecticides can be used in integrated pest management programmes to help control insect numbers, but in such a manner that the evolution of resistance to insecticides will be retarded. The principal mechanisms of insecticide action and of resistance to these are reviewed. Some generalizations that can be made about the evolution of resistance are examined. In general, to control resistance it appears better to use an intense dose of non‐persistent pesticides over a circumscribed area. Some features of the problem where population genetics and evolutionary theory might contribute to controlling resistance are discussed.

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Section: Evolution Of Resistancementioning

confidence: 99%

Genetics and evolution of resistance to insecticides

Taylor

1986

Biological Journal of the Linnean Society

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“…There are many published studies showing changes in resistance in pest populations. Almost all of them deal with changes in LD values based on dose-response data, but as Muggleton (1983) has pointed out, this approach conflates changes in proportions of resistant individuals with the changes in the magnitude of the individual's tolerance, and does not provide information on the frequencies of the resistance alleles themselves (McKenzie et al, 1980). Such information can be obtained from studying the changing response of populations over time to exposure to a discriminating dose of a pesticide that distinguishes susceptible from resistant genotypes.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Selection for and against resistance to insecticides in the absence of insecticide: a case study of malathion resistance in the saw-toothed grain beetle,Oryzaephilus surinamensis(Coleoptera: Silvanidae)

Mason¹

1998

Bull. Entomol. Res.

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In the absence of insecticide there may be intense selection against alleles conferring insecticide resistance, so that these alleles will decline in frequency. On the other hand, selection will act to favour alleles at modifier loci which cause resistance alleles to become coadapted and increase in fitness even in the absence of insecticide. The relative effectiveness of these two processes is of practical importance and theoretical interest. The fate of polymorphism for malathion resistance was studied in the saw-toothed grain beetle, Oryzaephilus surinamensis (Linnaeus). Five to six lines of each of four strains (8401, 8401sel, 8518B and L1040), each polymorphic for resistance phenotypes, were maintained in insecticide-free culture for up to nine generations, over which period the response of individuals to a discriminating dose of 65 mg irr 2 malathion was determined. There was significant reversion to susceptibility in the related strains 8401, 8401sel and 8518B. Assuming resistance to be primarily controlled by a single major locus, resistant homozygote and heterozygote fitnesses in the absence of insecticide were estimated to be 0.92, 0.83 and 0.68, respectively. The initial frequency of the resistant allele was inversely related to the time since last exposure to insecticide, and also to the fitness of the resistant allele. This could be explained by the selection of modifier alleles that reduce the fitness cost of resistance in the absence of insecticide. In strain L1040 the proportion of resistant individuals actually increased over time (after the second generation) in the absence of insecticide. The fitness of the susceptible allele in this case was 0.83. In all strains there was significant variation among lines in relative fitness and initial resistance allele frequency. Analysis of knockdown proportions revealed highly significant variation between generations that is not easily interpreted in genetic terms but is better explained by limitations of the knockdown bioassay.

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“…It has been assumed that resistance gene(s) have fitness costs resulting in low frequency of resistant phenotypes before the population is in contact with the insecticide. Moreover, fitness values varying from 0.5 to 0.8 for resistant insects compared with susceptible insects have been observed in populations of mosquitoes (Ferrari and Georghiou 1981), blowflies (McKenzie and O'Farrell 1993), and beetles (Muggleton 1983) in the absence of insecticide. Within the same column, there is a significant difference (P < 0.05, Tukey's test) between values followed by a different letter.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fitness Consequences of Malathion-Specific Resistance in Red Flour Beetle (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) and Selection for Resistance in the Absence of Malathion

Haubruge

Arnaud

2001

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Malathion resistance in the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum (Herbst), is a worldwide problem and is very stable once it becomes widespread in natural populations. In the absence of insecticide the proportion of resistant phenotypes may rapidly decline but the development of resistance does not always involve reduced fitness. Malathion-specific resistance in T. castaneum seems not to involve any loss of fitness in laboratory or field conditions. Susceptible beetles were in competition with resistant beetles at different initial frequencies and modifications of susceptible gene frequency were estimated in these laboratory populations over 10 generations. A significant decrease in susceptible gene frequency was observed in Tribolium populations over time. The selection coefficient of the susceptible allele was estimated and the fitness of susceptible alleles in all tests was observed to range from 0.89 to 0.93 compared with the fitness of resistant genotypes, which was assumed to be 1. Data provided evidence that the resistant strains exhibited fitness advantages in the absence of malathion. We also compared the biotic potential (fecundity and developmental time) of the susceptible strain, the homozygous malathion-specific resistant strain, and their hybrids. Malathion-specific resistant strains showed an 8-23% increase in biotic potential relative to the susceptible strain. These findings are consistent with those of malathion-specific resistance in T. castaneum; the fitness of the insects seems independent of the genetic background and the fitness of the resistant insects is not affected by this resistance mechanism.KEYWORDS : Tribolium castaneum, Coleoptera, insecticide, malathion resistance, fitness, selection Because of the intensive use of malathion in grain storage and on stored grain since the late 1950s, mal-athionresistance in red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum (Herbst), is widespread. The first case of resistance was reported in 1961 (Parkin et al. 1962), and by 1974 this phenomenon was regarded as a common attribute of this species (Champ and Dyte 1976). Although malathion use has declined or even been abandoned in some countries from the early 1970s because of the widespread occurrence of malathion resistance in red flour beetle populations (Champ 1984), malathion-specific resistance is very stable in T. castaneum wild populations. Moreover, the malathion-specific resistant phenotype in T. castaneum populations has almost completely replaced the susceptible one throughout most of the world (Beeman and Nanis 1986). To explain this stability, it was assumed that there were no pleiotropic effects of the mutation and no or few reproductive disadvantages between malathion-specific resistant and susceptible strains.Because resistant insects were not present at high frequency before the use of insecticides, it is not surprising that resistant and susceptible strains should differ in properties other than their adaptation to insecticides, such as developmental time, fecundity, and fertility. D...

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Relative Fitness of Malathion-Resistant Phenotypes of Oryzaephilus surinamensis L. (Coleoptera: Silvanidae)

Cited by 33 publications

References 10 publications

Genetics and evolution of resistance to insecticides

Genetics and evolution of resistance to insecticides

Selection for and against resistance to insecticides in the absence of insecticide: a case study of malathion resistance in the saw-toothed grain beetle,Oryzaephilus surinamensis(Coleoptera: Silvanidae)

Fitness Consequences of Malathion-Specific Resistance in Red Flour Beetle (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) and Selection for Resistance in the Absence of Malathion

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