Relative Importance of Calcium and Magnesium in Hardness-Based Modification of Copper Toxicity

Welsh, Paul G.; Lipton, Joshua; Chapman, G. A.; Podrabsky, T.

doi:10.1897/1551-5028(2000)019<1624:riocam>2.3.co;2

Cited by 25 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…We estimated log K Mg-gillAg ϭ 3.0, which yielded results close to what was seen experimentally. This twofold lower protection compared to Ca agrees well with the relative protective effects of Ca and Mg for metals in general (e.g., for Cu [23,24]).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

Adding Magnesium to the Silver-Gill Binding Model for Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus Mykiss)

Schwartz¹,

Playle²

2001

Environ Toxicol Chem

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Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss; 2-17 g) were exposed to approximately 0.1 microM silver as AgNO3 for 3 to 4 h in synthetic, ion-poor water (20 microM Ca, 100 microM Na, 150 microM Cl, pH 7) to which was added Mg, Ca, or thiosulfate (S2O3). Gills were extracted and assayed for Ag using graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Up to 210 mM Mg (fourfold the concentration of Mg in seawater) did not reduce accumulation of Ag by trout gills. The conditional equilibrium stability constant (K) for Mg at silver-binding sites on the gills was calculated to be log K(Mg-gillAg) = 3.0, or approximately half-as-strong binding as for Ca at these sites. The inclusion of the Mg-gill stability constant into the original Ag-gill binding model increases the flexibility of the model, although the competitive effects of Mg are only important in sodium-poor systems.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

Adding Magnesium to the Silver-Gill Binding Model for Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus Mykiss)

Schwartz¹,

Playle²

2001

Environ Toxicol Chem

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“…Although relationships between water-chemistry characteristics and aquatic copper toxicity have been investigated previously [12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19], to our knowledge only two studies with Daphnia magna have used soft waters [20,21]. Long et al [20] showed that hardness influenced copper toxicity to D. magna but found no effect of pH, and Villavicencio et al [21] showed an important effect of DOC concentration on LC50s for Daphnia obtusa and D. magna in reconstituted soft waters.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of pH, Hardness, Dissolved Organic Carbon Concentration, and Dissolved Organic Matter Source on the Acute Toxicity of Copper to Daphnia Magna in Soft Waters: Implications for the Biotic Ligand Model

Ryan¹,

Tomasso

Klaine

2009

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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The influence of pH, dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentration, water hardness, and dissolved organic matter (DOM) source on the acute toxicity of copper were investigated with standardized 48-h Daphnia magna toxicity tests. Toxicity tests were conducted according to a four-factor complete factorial design. Nominal factor levels were as follows: pH 6 and 8; DOC, 2.5 and 10 mg/L; hardness, 10, 20, and 40 mg/L as CaCO3; and two DOM sources (collected from the Black River and Edisto River, SC, USA). The experimental design resulted in 24 different factor level combinations. Results indicated that all factors had significant effects on copper toxicity. Furthermore, a strong interactive effect of DOC concentration and pH was detected. Because the biotic ligand model (BLM) has become a widely used tool for predicting toxicity and interpreting toxicity test results, its performance with these data was evaluated. Seventy percent of BLM predictions were within twofold of the observed median lethal concentrations. However, BLM parameters could be adjusted to improve model performance with this data set. This analysis suggested that in soft waters, the CuOH+ complex binds more strongly with the biotic ligand and that the competitive effect of hardness cations should be increased. The results of the present study may have implications for application of the BLM to some types of surface waters. Furthermore, a comprehensive analysis of BLM performance with all available data should be performed, and necessary updates to model parameters should be made to produce the most robust and widely applicable model.

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“…; Heirjerick et al, 2002, Gensemer et al, 2002Welsh et al, 2000aWelsh et al, , 2000b. BLM constants should be worked out directly by experimentation on the organisms of interest.…”

Section: +mentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation Of The Biotic Ligand Model For Predicting Metal Bioavailability and Toxicity In SRS Effluents And Surface Waters

Specht¹

2005

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Relative Importance of Calcium and Magnesium in Hardness-Based Modification of Copper Toxicity

Cited by 25 publications

References 18 publications

Adding Magnesium to the Silver-Gill Binding Model for Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus Mykiss)

Adding Magnesium to the Silver-Gill Binding Model for Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus Mykiss)

Influence of pH, Hardness, Dissolved Organic Carbon Concentration, and Dissolved Organic Matter Source on the Acute Toxicity of Copper to Daphnia Magna in Soft Waters: Implications for the Biotic Ligand Model

Evaluation Of The Biotic Ligand Model For Predicting Metal Bioavailability and Toxicity In SRS Effluents And Surface Waters

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