Relative importance of habitat use, range expansion, and speciation in local species diversity of <i>Anolis</i> lizards in Cuba

Cádiz, Antonio; Nagata, Nobuaki; Katabuchi, Masatoshi; Díaz, Luis M.; Echenique-Díaz, Lázaro M.; Akashi, Hiroshi; Makino, Takashi; Kawata, Masakado

doi:10.1890/es12-00383.1

Cited by 18 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…An NJ tree constructed for Anolis trpa1 showed the same topology as reported using phylogenetic trees constructed from neutral markers (two mitochondrial and six nuclear genes) of the three Anolis species (Cádiz et al., ; Figure a). Through the alignment of the three Anolis TRPA1 amino acid sequences determined in this study, we detected 36 sites at which amino acids have been substituted in at least one of the three species (Figure ).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 56%

Comparisons of behavioural and TRPA1 heat sensitivities in three sympatric Cuban Anolis lizards

et al. 2018

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Thermal tolerances of organisms play a role in defining geographic ranges and occurrence of species. In Cuba, three sympatric species of Anolis lizards (Anolis allogus, Anolis homolechis and Anolis sagrei) inhabit different thermal microhabitats. A previous study found that these species showed distinct gene expression patterns in response to temperature stimuli, suggesting the genetically distinct thermal physiology among species. To investigate whether the Anolis species inhabiting locally distinct thermal habitats diverge their thermal tolerances, we first conducted behavioural experiments to analyse the temperatures at which the three Anolis species escape from heat source. Then, for each of the three species, we isolated cDNA encoding a putative molecular heat sensor, transient receptor potential ion channel ankyrin 1 (TRPA1), which has been suggested to play a role on eliciting behavioural responses to heat stimuli. We performed electrophysiological analysis to quantify activation temperature of Anolis TRPA1 to see whether the pattern of divergence in TRPA1 responses is congruent with that of divergence in behavioural responses. We found that temperatures triggering behavioural and TRPA1 responses were significantly lower for shade-dwelling species (A. allogus) than for sun-dwelling species (A. homolechis and A. sagrei). The ambient temperature of shade habitats where A. allogus occurs stays relatively cool compared to that of open habitats where A. homolechis and A. sagrei occur and bask. The high temperature thresholds of A. homolechis and A. sagrei may reflect their heat tolerances that would benefit these species to inhabit the open habitats.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 56%

Comparisons of behavioural and TRPA1 heat sensitivities in three sympatric Cuban Anolis lizards

et al. 2018

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“…In Cuba, three species of the Anolis sagrei group, that is Anolis allogus , Anolis homolechis and Anolis sagrei , occur in the same forest throughout the island of Cuba but in distinct thermal habitats (Ruibal ; Cádiz et al . ). In deep forests where direct sunlight hardly reaches the forest floor, the ambient temperature remains relatively cool.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…These thermal habitats, that is shade, edges of forests and cleared forests, are occupied by A. allogus , A. homolechis and A. sagrei , respectively (Cádiz et al . ). The thermal gradients and different basking opportunities in these habitats have resulted in species‐specific average field body temperatures of 26.9 °C, 28.7 °C and 32.9 °C in A. allogus , A. homolechis and A. sagrei , respectively (Schettino et al .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

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Differentially expressed genes associated with adaptation to different thermal environments in three sympatric Cuban Anolis lizards

et al. 2016

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How animals achieve evolutionary adaptation to different thermal environments is an important issue for evolutionary biology as well as for biodiversity conservation in the context of recent global warming. In Cuba, three sympatric species of Anolis lizards (Anolis allogus, A. homolechis and A. sagrei) inhabit different thermal microhabitats, thereby providing an excellent opportunity to examine how they have adapted to different environmental temperatures. Here, we performed RNA-seq on the brain, liver and skin tissues from these three species to analyse their transcriptional responses at two different temperatures. In total, we identified 400, 816 and 781 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the two temperatures in A. allogus, A. homolechis and A. sagrei, respectively. Only 62 of these DEGs were shared across the three species, indicating that global transcriptional responses have diverged among these species. Gene ontology (GO) analysis showed that large numbers of ribosomal protein genes were DEGs in the warm-adapted A. homolechis, suggesting that the upregulation of protein synthesis is an important physiological mechanism in the adaptation of this species to hotter environments. GO analysis also showed that GO terms associated with circadian regulation were enriched in all three species. A gene associated with circadian regulation, Nr1d1, was detected as a DEG with opposite expression patterns between the cool-adapted A. allogus and the hot-adapted A. sagrei. Because the environmental temperature fluctuates more widely in open habitats than in forests throughout the day, the circadian thermoregulation could also be important for adaptation to distinct thermal habitats.

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“…Weiss & Hedges, ; Rodríguez, Vences, Nevado, Machordom, & Verheyen, ; Matos‐Maraví et al, ). Phylogeographic structure in the form of deep mtDNA coalescence is an increasingly common finding in anole species (Cádiz et al, ; Geneva, Hilton, Noll, & Glor, ; Glor et al, ; Knouft, Losos, Glor, & Kolbe, ; Malhotra & Thorpe, ), possibly owing to local adaptive differentiation in some cases (Irwin, ; Thorpe et al, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phylogeographic and phenotypic outcomes of brown anole colonization across the Caribbean provide insight into the beginning stages of an adaptive radiation

Reynolds

Kolbe

Glor

et al. 2020

J of Evolutionary Biology

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Some of the most important insights into the ecological and evolutionary processes of diversification and speciation have come from studies of island adaptive radiations, yet relatively little research has examined how these radiations initiate. We suggest that Anolis sagrei is a candidate for understanding the origins of the Caribbean Anolis adaptive radiation and how a colonizing anole species begins to undergo allopatric diversification, phenotypic divergence and, potentially, speciation. We undertook a genomic and morphological analysis of representative populations across the entire native range of A. sagrei, finding that the species originated in the early Pliocene, with the deepest divergence occurring between western and eastern Cuba. Lineages from these two regions subsequently colonized the northern Caribbean. We find that at the broadest scale, populations colonizing areas with fewer closely related competitors tend to evolve larger body size and more lamellae on their toepads. This trend follows expectations for post‐colonization divergence from progenitors and convergence in allopatry, whereby populations freed from competition with close relatives evolve towards common morphological and ecological optima. Taken together, our results show a complex history of ancient and recent Cuban diaspora with populations on competitor‐poor islands evolving away from their ancestral Cuban populations regardless of their phylogenetic relationships, thus providing insight into the original diversification of colonist anoles at the beginning of the radiation. Our research also supplies an evolutionary framework for the many studies of this increasingly important species in ecological and evolutionary research.

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Relative importance of habitat use, range expansion, and speciation in local species diversity of Anolis lizards in Cuba

Cited by 18 publications

References 51 publications

Comparisons of behavioural and TRPA1 heat sensitivities in three sympatric Cuban Anolis lizards

Comparisons of behavioural and TRPA1 heat sensitivities in three sympatric Cuban Anolis lizards

Differentially expressed genes associated with adaptation to different thermal environments in three sympatric Cuban Anolis lizards

Phylogeographic and phenotypic outcomes of brown anole colonization across the Caribbean provide insight into the beginning stages of an adaptive radiation

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