Relative Importance of Inactivity and Overeating in the Energy Balance of Obese High School Girls

Johnson, Mary Louise; Burke, Bertha S.; Mayer, Jean

doi:10.1093/ajcn/4.1.37

Cited by 306 publications

(68 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…31,73,74,76,86 DLW studies show that obese children have greater EIs compared with lean children, 87 despite early literature [87][88][89][90] and even recent publications 91 suggesting that EI and expenditure were lower in obese children. 87 There is some evidence that children with central fat distribution show a greater degree of underreporting compared with lean and obese children, as well as those with peripheral fat distribution.…”

Section: Overweight and Obesitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Measuring dietary intake in children and adolescents in the context of overweight and obesity

2009

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Dietary intake throughout childhood is a key determinant of growth and development and has an important role in both the prevention and treatment of childhood overweight and obesity. Although dietary intake assessment is fraught with challenges and limitations, reporting intake remains an important research outcome if dietary recommendations to promote healthy weight are to be refined. The aims of this paper are to review current dietary intake assessment methodologies for children, to identify their biases and provide guidance on how these can be addressed to improve reporting of dietary intakes of overweight children in the literature and to identify future research priorities. Knowledge of the methodological aspects of studies examining dietary intake a priori in the context of obesity will assist researchers in improving the quality of dietary data collected and reported and facilitate publication of both dietary intake and nutrition outcomes in the context of body weight. This will help to develop a strong evidence base against which to evaluate the effectiveness of nutrition interventions for both the prevention and treatment of pediatric obesity.

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Section: Overweight and Obesitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Measuring dietary intake in children and adolescents in the context of overweight and obesity

2009

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“…Also, at that distant time, it was speculated that inactivity might play a more important role than diet in the development of obesity. 2 Low levels of physical activity and large amounts of inactivity or sedentary behavior are widely assumed to be causally involved in the etiology of obesity, and underlie public health messages globally. Key non-nutrition prevention targets are increases in physical activity and reductions in time spent in sedentary behavior.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physical activity and sedentary behavior: a review of longitudinal studies of weight and adiposity in youth

2005

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AIM:To review the published prospective observational studies of the relationship of physical activity and sedentary behavior with the development of overweight and adiposity, with an emphasis on methodologic issues. METHODS: Sample size, population studied, length of follow-up, assessment of exposure (physical activity, inactivity, or sedentary behavior), assessment of outcome (relative weight, overweight, % body fatness, adiposity), statistical approach, and main findings were extracted, summarized, and key methodological issues highlighted. RESULTS: In total, 17 studies of physical activity and 15 studies of inactivity/sedentary behavior were identified; as these were not mutually exclusive, 20 unique studies were reviewed. Results were mixed, with most studies showing an inverse association of physical activity with weight or fatness outcomes and/or a direct association of inactivity/sedentary behavior with weight or fatness outcomes. The effects identified were generally of small magnitude. Imprecise measurement of activity exposures likely weakens the observed relationships. Most studies used a pre-post design and had limited duration of follow-up (r2 y). Studies with longer and more frequent follow-up did not always use the most advantageous statistical approach. CONCLUSIONS: On balance, the available evidence from prospective observational studies suggests that increased physical activity and decreased sedentary behavior are protective against relative weight and fatness gains over childhood and adolescence. In addition to improved measurement methods, longer and more frequent follow-up as well as truly longitudinal analysis methods would help establish these important prevention and intervention targets, and identify subgroups or development periods where interventions would likely be effective.

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“…Some work in this ®eld (Johnson et al, 1956;Hampton et al, 1967;Baecke et al, 1983) suggested that obese children did not consume more calories than their leaner peers and this led to suggestions that a reduced basal metabolic rate was a cause of obesity. However, subsequent studies (Southgate, 1986) have suggested that there is no fundamental reduction in basal metabolic rate which is responsible for the development of obesity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diet composition and body mass index in pre-school children

Davies

1997

Eur J Clin Nutr

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Objective: To investigate the relationship between diet composition and body mass index (BMI) in pre-school children. Design: Reanalysis of data from the National Diet and Nutrition Survey of children aged 1.5±4.5 y. Height and weight of children were used to calculate Body Mass Index (BMI) and BMI standard deviation scores. Dietary intake data were used to calculate percentage of total energy intake derived from fat, carbohydrate and protein. These data were then divided into quintiles. The data were then analysed in order to assess if there was any relationship between the diet composition and BMI. Setting: Community based project throughout Great Britain. Subjects: 1444 children aged 1.5±4.5 y. Measurements: Diet composition was assessed in terms of percentage energy derived from fat, protein and carbohydrate following a four day weighed intake carried out by the parents or carers of the child. Body size was assessed by measuring BMI and calculating the standard deviation score relative to UK reference data. Results: There were no trends apparent using ANOVA and multiple regression that indicated that diet composition was related to body size. Conclusions: In a large cohort of pre-school children we are unable to con®rm the recent ®ndings in much smaller samples that diet composition affects body size. Other factors such as energy intake per se and levels of habitual physical activity might have a more important bearing on BMI in pre-school children.

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Relative Importance of Inactivity and Overeating in the Energy Balance of Obese High School Girls

Cited by 306 publications

References 21 publications

Measuring dietary intake in children and adolescents in the context of overweight and obesity

Measuring dietary intake in children and adolescents in the context of overweight and obesity

Physical activity and sedentary behavior: a review of longitudinal studies of weight and adiposity in youth

Diet composition and body mass index in pre-school children

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