Relative intensities and widths of X-ray induced photo-electron signals from different shells in 72 elements

Preparation, Stoichiometry and Structure of Graphite Fluoride

“…Hence, IA = ka A NA\A (2.5) where k is the constant for the given experimental conditions (X-ray flux, sample geometry, etc.) In the spectra of (CF)n, the intensity ratio of total Cis peaks to Fis peaks is about 0.23, which nearly agrees with the value (0.27) reported by Jorgensen and Berthou (13). Thus, observation of the signal intensities in ESCA spectra can provide a semi-quantitative analysis of the elements on the surface.…”

“…Table 2.13 shows the conditions of preparation, F/C atomic ratios and colors of F-ACF's. 13) These characterizations of the bonding nature in F-ACF are further supported by their IR spectra, as shown in Figure 2.54. The F/C atomic ratio and color are extremely dependent on the fluorination temperature, pressure, and reaction time.…”

“…The F/C atomic ratio and color are extremely dependent on the fluorination temperature, pressure, and reaction time. 13) tures of the F-NMR spectra are due to the averaging of local magnetic fields to some extent, by the motion of fluorine nuclei, and indicate that the fluorine atoms in F-ACF's have considerably higher mobility compared with conventional graphite fluorides prepared at temperatures greater than 380°C. Since samples A to G in Table 2.13 are prepared under such conditions, their F/C atomic ratios and colors can be considered to depend only on the fluorination temperature.…”

“…Graphite fluoride is obtained from the direct reaction of elemental fluorine with carbon materials, 2nC(s) + nF 2 where C* denotes amorphous carbon. The fluorination apparatus is constructed of stainless steel (SUS-316) except for such parts as the reaction tube [7], vessel [13], and thermocouple sheath [12] which are exposed to fluorine at temperatures up to 600°C. In Figure 2.1 is shown a typical static reactor which permits fluorination of up to 300 mg as in the case of highly crystallized carbons such as natural graphite and highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) (6).…”

Quantitative surface analysis by XPS: A comparison among different quantitative approaches

“…* In the present paper ut Schofield's total cross sect i o n~'~ and Reilman et d ' s P asymmetry parameters" have been used. For A we will assume the exponential dependence A a E0i7 which was derived from multi-data point analysis by Wagner et al 24 The product F ( K E , E,)T(KE, E,) exp ( -d / A ) is of critical importance in expressions (1) and (2). In our spectrometer, where the photoelectrons are retarded to a fixed energy value E, (i.e.…”