Relative Investigation on Microwave-Assisted Zr-Modified PbTiO₃ and BaTiO₃ Ferroelectric Ceramics for Energy Storage Application

Abstract

The escalating demand for energy-related devices has prompted an intensive study on materials for energy harvesting and storage. Recently, due to the toxicity of lead-based materials, researchers have drawn their attention to lead-free ferroelectrics. However, it is indisputable that commercially lead zirconium titanate (PZT) has gained an irreplaceable position as an actuator. In the present work, we specifically compare microwave-sintered PbZr 0.52 Ti 0.48 O 3 and BaZr 0.20 Ti 0.80 O 3 ceramics based on their energystorage capacity. The structural, optical, electrical, ferroelectric, and energy storage properties of microwave-sintered Zr-modified lead titanate (PbZr 0.52 Ti 0.48 O 3 , PZT) and Zr-modified barium titanate (BaZr 0.20 Ti 0.80 O 3 , BZT) ceramics are investigated and addressed. The temperature-dependent dielectric property analysis suggests high transition temperature and dielectric properties for PZT ceramic, whereas the near-room temperature transition is observed in the case of BZT. Furthermore, the band-gap energy value of BZT and PZT from UV−vis spectroscopy indicates the possible use of these ceramics in optoelectronic devices. The ferroelectric properties of PZT and BZT are discussed, and the maximum energy storage capacities are found to be 30.5 and 21 mJ/cm 3 for PZT and BZT, respectively. It is found that microwave-sintered PZT's characteristics make it an attractive option for use in filters, phase shifters, sensors, actuators, and energy-related devices. On the other hand, BZT finds its suitability in biomedical devices and underwater applications.

Chemical-Composition Tuning-Enabled Optimization of Structure, Properties, and Performance of Lead-Free (1 – x)BaZr0.05Ti0.95O3–(x)Ba0.92Ca0.08TiO3 Electroceramics

“…The absence of any other peaks (i.e., the peaks corresponding to the possible CaTiO 3 impurity phase) other than the expected ferroelectric phase of (1 – x )­BZT5–( x )­BCT8 materials is an indication of the fact that the substitution of Ca 2+ takes place for the Ba 2+ site in the perovskite lattice . Further, from Figure , it is evident that the A 1 (TO 2 ) mode observed at ∼263 cm –1 has the maximum scattering efficiency , and this peak is observed for all the samples …”

“…12 Further, from Figure 5, it is evident that the A 1 (TO 2 ) mode observed at ∼263 cm −1 has the maximum scattering efficiency 66,67 and this peak is observed for all the samples. 26 Figure 6 presents a comprehensive Raman spectroscopic study with temperature spanning from −193 to 227 °C for all the samples under investigation. The chosen temperature range is strategically significant, as it covers various critical structural transformations/transitions of the material.…”

“…Further, the presence of nearby room-temperature phase transition makes BZT a suitable material for biomedical and underwater applications. 26 The Ca 2+ and Zr 4+ substitutions, respectively, for Ba 2+ and Ti 4+ in BaTiO 3 ceramics, significantly modify the grain size, densities, and microstructure, which are important factors to tailor the dielectric, ferroelectric, and piezoelectric properties. 27 Thus, the (Ba,Ca)(Zr,Ti)O 3 ceramics are expected to demonstrate optimal properties, making them feasible lead-free piezoelectric competitors.…”

“…Also, this composition had both the tetragonal and rhombohedral phases close to the MPB. , In connection with the applications of lead-free materials, Parhi et al have reported a comparative study of lead-free BaZr 0.2 Ti 0.8 O 3 ceramics with the lead-containing PbZr 0.52 Ti 0.48 O 3 ceramic, with the results indicating that BZT is useful for optoelectronic devices and high-frequency applications, including SONAR and hydrophone. Further, the presence of nearby room-temperature phase transition makes BZT a suitable material for biomedical and underwater applications . The Ca 2+ and Zr 4+ substitutions, respectively, for Ba 2+ and Ti 4+ in BaTiO 3 ceramics, significantly modify the grain size, densities, and microstructure, which are important factors to tailor the dielectric, ferroelectric, and piezoelectric properties .…”

A graphene oxide decorated BZT–CNF composite through hybrid microwave processing: an advanced multifunctional material for superior microwave shielding applications

“…The microwave sintering technique is one of the well-known methods to eradicate the aforementioned difficulties. 33 This processing method amalgamates the superior properties of solid-state reactions like enhanced performance with uniform grains and low sintering temperature, low power consumption, enhanced crystallinity, and high relative density. The ferroelectric phase and ferromagnetic counterpart of the magnetoelectric composite were prepared using a solid-state reaction followed by the sintering of samples in a normal atmosphere through the principle of self-heating with the help of microwave waves.…”