Relative performance of resistant wheat varietal blends and susceptible wheat cultivars exposed to wheat midge, Sitodiplosis mosellana (Géhin)

Abstract

2013. Relative performance of resistant wheat varietal blends and susceptible wheat cultivars exposed to wheat midge, Sitodiplosis mosellana (Ge´hin). Can. J. Plant Sci. 93: 59Á66. Wheat midge, Sitodiplosis mosellana (Ge´hin), causes significant yield losses to spring wheat in western Canada. To mitigate these losses, midge-resistant wheat varietal blends, consisting of cultivars with the Sm1 midge resistance gene and containing 10% of a midge susceptible cultivar (interspersed refuge), were made available to farmers. To test their performance relative to conventional midge-susceptible cultivars, four varietal blends were grown during four consecutive growing seasons at eight locations in the provinces of Manitoba, Saskatchewan and Alberta, Canada, and compared with four conventional midge-susceptible cultivars. Midge damage varied from year to year during the 4-yr study. In general, the varietal blends, as a group, yielded more grain than the susceptible cultivars, especially when grown in environments with high (12.8%) seed damage. In environments with low (0.9%) seed damage, the varietal blend yield increases were smaller but still significant, suggesting that some of the varietal blends may be endowed with additional superior attributes, unrelated to midge resistance. The Sm1 gene was independent of time to heading and maturity, plant height, lodging and seed weight. Lukow, O. M. 2013. Rendement relatif des me´langes varie´taux de ble´re´sistant et des cultivars sensibles apre`s exposition a`la ce´cidomyie du ble´[Sitodiplosis mosellana (Ge´hin)]. Can. J. Plant Sci. 93: 59Á66. La ce´cidomyie du ble´[Sitodiplosis mosellana (Ge´hin)] cause d'importantes pertes de rendement dans l'Ouest canadien. Pour les atte´nuer, on a propose´aux cultivateurs des me´langes varie´taux re´sistants compose´s de cultivars portant le ge`ne de re´sistance Sm1 et de 10 % de cultivars sensibles (refuge disse´mine´). Quatre me´langes varie´taux ont e´te´cultive´s pendant quatre pe´riodes de croissance conse´cutives a`huit endroits du Manitoba, de la Saskatchewan et de l'Alberta, au Canada, en vue d'en comparer la performance a`celle de quatre cultivars sensibles usuels. Les dommages attribuables a`la ce´cidomyie ont varie´d'une anne´e a`l'autre durant l'e´tude de quatre ans. En ge´ne´ral, les me´langes varie´taux donnent collectivement un meilleur rendement grainier que les cultivars sensibles, surtout aux endroits ou`les de´gaˆts cause´s aux semences sont importants (12,8 %). La`ou`les graines sont peu abıˆme´es (0,9 %), la hausse de rendement autorise´e par les me´langes varie´taux, quoique plus faible, demeure significative, signe que certains me´langes pourraient profiter d'autres caracte`res supe´rieurs n'ayant aucun lien avec la re´sistance au ravageur. Le ge`ne Sm1 ne de´pend pas du temps e´coule´avant l'e´piaison et la maturite´, ni de la hauteur du plant, de la verse et du poids des grains.Mots clé s: Ce´cidomyie du ble´, Sitodiplosis mosellana (Ge´hin), ge`ne Sm1, me´langes varie´taux de ble´, refuge disse´mine´, re´sistance...

Cultivar mixtures: a meta‐analysis of the effect of intraspecific diversity on crop yield

“…, Vera et al. , Pan and Qin ). Specifically, compared to mono‐cultivar planting, cultivar mixtures can reduce the abundance of herbivore pests such as aphids and whiteflies, which have similar characteristics to pathogens and thus may be controlled well with intraspecific diversity (Tooker and Frank ).…”

“…In addition to a more detailed understanding of the drivers behind yield increases in cultivar mixtures, we should broaden our scope to include other important ecosystem services. Though still limited, more papers are looking at the relationship between intraspecific diversity and water use efficiency (Song et al 2010, Haghshenas et al 2013, Fang et al 2014, Adu-Gyamfi et al 2015 and insect pest regulation (Weiss et al 1990, Vera et al 2013, Pan and Qin 2014. Specifically, compared to mono-cultivar planting, cultivar mixtures can reduce the abundance of herbivore pests such as aphids and whiteflies, which have similar characteristics to pathogens and thus may be controlled well with intraspecific diversity (Tooker and Frank 2012).…”

Assessing cultivar resistance to Sitodiplosis mosellana (Géhin) (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) using a phenotyping method under semi‐field conditions

“…This phenomenon of resistance breakdown was illustrated by the H3 gene, which was completely broken down within 9 years by another midge, the Hessian fly, Mayetiola destructor (Say) (Foster, Ohm, Patterson, & Taylor, ). The use of interspersed refuges in wheat in the form of cultivar blends, as practiced in Canada, is a possible approach for protecting the effectiveness of the Sm1 gene and delaying the evolution of virulence in S. mosellana populations (Smith et al, ; Vera et al, ).…”

Poprawa wartości pokarmowej ziarna pszenicy jarej poprzez siewy mieszanin odmianowych

“…W przypadku zbóż jarych w uprawie najczęściej stosowane są mieszaniny odmianowe w obrębie pszenicy i jęczmienia. Uprawa mieszanin odmianowych zwiększa bioróżnorodność i przez to zapewnia lepsze wykorzystanie zasobów środowiska, z jednoczesnym zmniejszeniem występowania chorób i szkodników (Gacek i in., 1996;Finckh i in., 2000;Leszczyńska, 2010;Vera i in., 2013). W dążeniu do osiągnięcia tych celów bardzo ważny jest dobór odmian, nie może on być przypadkowy (Cheema i in., 1988;Nadziak, Tratwal, 2012).…”