Relative prevalence and risk factors of HTLV-I and HTLV-II infection in US blood donors

Lee, H. H.; Swanson, Priscilla; Rosenblatt, J. D.; Chen, I. S Y; Sherwood, W Cullen; Smith, Don; Tegtmeier, Gary E.; Fernando, Leonor P; Fang, Chi; Osame, Mitsuhiro; Kleinman, Steven

doi:10.1016/0140-6736(91)93126-t

Cited by 110 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…This data is clearly different from what has been previously reported by Brites et al (1997) in Salvador, State of Bahia, relating such coinfections with previous blood transfusion and the use of intravenous drugs, similarly to transmission reported in other parts of the world (Lee et al 1991). On the other hand, this is the first time that HTLV-II is detected in a higher frequency than HTLV-I in a Brazilian urban setting coinfecting HIV carriers and AIDS patients.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 56%

Serological Evidence of HTLV-I and HTLV-II Coinfections in HIV-1 Positive Patients in Belém, State of Pará, Brazil

Vallinoto

Azevedo

Santos

et al. 1998

Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 56%

Serological Evidence of HTLV-I and HTLV-II Coinfections in HIV-1 Positive Patients in Belém, State of Pará, Brazil

Vallinoto

Azevedo

Santos

et al. 1998

Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz

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“…et al., 1990;Lee et al, 1991;Hjelle &Chaney, 1992). Endemic HTLV-II infection has been reported among Guaymi Indians in Panama (Lairmore et al, 1990).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular characterization of two isolates of human T cell leukaemia virus type II from Italian drug abusers and comparison of genome structure with other isolates

Zella

Cavicchini

Salemi

et al. 1993

Journal of General Virology

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The human T cell leukaemia virus type II (HTLV-II), whose pathogenicity is as yet unclear, was recently found to be associated with intravenous drug abuse in North America and Europe. HTLV-II was isolated from two Italian drug abusers belonging to the same cohort and coinfected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1. Two new isolates, HTLV-II Gu and Va, were established in a culture of B JAB cells, a continuous B cell line (Epstein-Barr virus-negative), and characterized by nucleotide sequence analysis of the long terminal repeat (LTR) and portions of the gag, env and X regions.These sequences were compared to those of the HTLV-II Mo isolate reported in the literature. No major variations were observed in important regulatory elements of LTR nor in the stem-bulge-loop configuration known to be essential for binding of rex protein. The results obtained from the sequence of the 1988 nucleotides examined indicated a 1-6 % variability between the Gu and Va isolates and about 6% with respect to Mo. Notable differences were found in the structure of putative open reading frames of the X region when compared to those reported for the Mo isolate. Restriction analysis of proviral DNA of two isolates and comparison with the physical map of the Mo isolate confirmed the existence of genetic heterogeneity in the HTLV-II group and demonstrated that the new isolates Gu and Va belong to the HTLV-IIb subtype. The results of this study show that the new isolates have distinct features with respect to the Mo isolate though all important regulatory elements of the LTR appear to be well conserved.

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“…While in the United States the prevalence of infection with HTLV-I appears to be quite low, blood used for transfusion is nevertheless being tested routinely by enzyme-linked immunosorbent (ELISA) and͞or Western blot assays (7,8). On this basis, the prevalence of HTLV-I infection among Americans without obvious risk factors, such as origin from an endemic region or intravenous drug abuse has been estimated to be about 0.016% (9). It may be as high as 0.1% in some locations (10).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Reexamination of human T cell lymphotropic virus (HTLV-I/II) prevalence

Zucker‐Franklin

Pancake

Marmor

et al. 1997

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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In the United States, blood donors are being screened for infection with human T cell lymphotropic viruses I and II (HTLV-I͞II) by serologic means, which detect antibodies to the structural proteins of these viruses. Because patients with mycosis fungoides (MF) usually do not have such antibodies even though their cells harbor HTLV-I Tax and͞or pol proviral sequences, it was questioned whether the prevalence of HTLV infection among healthy blood donors may also be underestimated by current means of testing. To examine this possibility, a study on specimens of relatives of mycosis fungoides patients (MFR) was begun. In addition, to collect data more expeditiously, a cohort of former injection drug users (IDUs) was tested by routine serologic methods, as well as by PCR͞Southern blot analysis for Tax, pol, and gag proviral sequences and Western blot analysis for antibodies to the Tax gene product. To date, 6͞8 MFRs and 42͞81 (51.8%) of HIV-negative IDUs proved to be positive for HTLV, whereas routine serology identified none of the MFR and only 18͞81 (22.2%) of the IDUs. Among the latter test subjects, the incidence of HTLV-I also proved to be 10 times higher than expected. Therefore, it is likely that among healthy blood donors infection with HTLV-I͞II is more prevalent than is currently assumed. Since Tax is the transforming sequence of HTLV-

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Relative prevalence and risk factors of HTLV-I and HTLV-II infection in US blood donors

Cited by 110 publications

References 28 publications

Serological Evidence of HTLV-I and HTLV-II Coinfections in HIV-1 Positive Patients in Belém, State of Pará, Brazil

Serological Evidence of HTLV-I and HTLV-II Coinfections in HIV-1 Positive Patients in Belém, State of Pará, Brazil

Molecular characterization of two isolates of human T cell leukaemia virus type II from Italian drug abusers and comparison of genome structure with other isolates

Reexamination of human T cell lymphotropic virus (HTLV-I/II) prevalence

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