Relative quantification of immune-regulatory genes in two rainbow trout strains, Oncorhynchus mykiss, after exposure to Myxobolus cerebralis, the causative agent of whirling disease

Severin, Vanessa I. C.; El-Matbouli, Mansour

doi:10.1007/s00436-007-0582-z

Cited by 33 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…Our previous studies revealed no or a very modest impact of PKD on the gene expression of pro-inflammatory mediators, which has been corroborated by the current study [16]. Similarly, other myxozoan fish parasites appear to elicit either weak transient up-regulation or, indeed, down-regulation of genes encoding pro-inflammatory mediators as part of a global down-regulation of innate and acute phase response genes [32,33]. …”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Immune gene expression profiling of Proliferative Kidney Disease in rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss reveals a dominance of anti-inflammatory, antibody and T helper cell-like activities

Gorgoglione

Wang

Holland

2013

Vet Res

152

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The myxozoan Tetracapsuloides bryosalmonae is the causative agent of Proliferative Kidney Disease (PKD) targeting primarily the kidney of infected fish where it causes a chronic lymphoid immunopathology. Although known to be associated with suppression of some cellular aspects of innate immunity and a prominent lymphocytic hyperplasia, there remains a considerable knowledge gap in our understanding of the underlying immune mechanisms driving PKD pathogenesis. To provide further insights, the expression profiles of a panel of innate / inflammatory and adaptive immune molecules were examined in rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss following a natural exposure to the parasite. Relative to controls, fish with early to advanced stages of kidney pathology exhibited up-regulation of the inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-11, although remaining refractory towards genes indicative of macrophage activity. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) and anti-inflammatory markers, including cathelicidin (CATH) and IL-10 were markedly up-regulated during clinical disease. Up-regulation of adaptive immune molecules, including cell markers and antibody genes reflect the lymphocytic dominance of this disease and the likely importance of lymphocyte subsets in PKD pathogenesis. Up-regulation of T helper (TH) cell-like response genes and transcription factors implies that T. bryosalmonae may elicit a complex interplay between TH cell subsets. This work, for the first time in the study of fish-myxozoan interactions, suggests that PKD pathogenesis is shaped by an anti-inflammatory phenotype, a profound B cell / antibody response and dysregulated TH cell-like activities. A better understanding of the functional roles of fish immune cells and molecules in PKD pathogenesis may facilitate future development of control measures against this disease.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Immune gene expression profiling of Proliferative Kidney Disease in rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss reveals a dominance of anti-inflammatory, antibody and T helper cell-like activities

Gorgoglione

Wang

Holland

2013

Vet Res

152

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“…No change of COX‐2 expression was observed in rainbow trout post‐amoebic gill disease infection or in salmon post‐ Gyrodactylus salaries infection (31,32). However, up‐regulation of COX‐2 was observed until 2 h after exposure with rainbow trout strains (strains T and H) to Myxobolus cerebralis (33). Lindenstrøm et al.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immune‐related genes expression profile in orange‐spotted grouper during exposure to Cryptocaryon irritans

Dan

Zhang

et al. 2011

Parasite Immunology

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Cryptocaryon irritans is one of the most important ectoparasites of marine fish. To identify the potential role of immune-related genes in antiparasitic immune responses in fish, we monitored the expression change of IL-8, COX-2, C-type lectin and transferrin in local and systemic immune organs of orange-spotted grouper post-C. irritans infection. IL-8 expression was up-regulated during the course of infection in the skin, while COX-2 and transferrin expression was up-regulated in the gill. COX-2 expression was significantly down-regulated in the spleen (0·7-5% of its control) and head kidney (0·5-4% of its control) post-primary infection. Transferrin expression was also down-regulated in the spleen and head kidney from 6 h to 5 days post-primary infection. However, C-type lectin expression was up-regulated in all tested organs post-infection, with the exception of day 7 in the spleen post-primary infection where the expression level was slightly down-regulated (44% of its control). These results suggest that these four immune-related genes play an important role in grouper anti-C. irritans infection and that local immune organs as the active organs contribute more than systemic immune organs to this course.

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“…As shown above, some aspects of the humoral and cellular immune responses against myxosporeans have been studied, but information on the molecular mechanisms involved in such immune defence is almost null. Recently, data on the expression of immunorelevant genes in fish experimentally infected by the myxosporeans T. bryosalmonidae (Holland et al, 2003), M. cerebralis (Severin & El-Matbouli, 2007) and E. leei (Cuesta et al, 2006a) has been published, but still many questions wait to be answered. The exploitation of the immune system through breeding selection programmes is a promising future strategy to control myxosporoses, but much work is still to be done concerning the selection of resistant strains, as in most cases the genetic base is unknown.…”

Section: Future Research Perspectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fish immune response to Myxozoan parasites

Sitjà‐Bobadilla

2008

Parasite

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Summary :Myxozoan parasites are responsible for important economic losses among fisheries and aquaculture industries, and hence the high interest in studying the immune response of fish against them. The most important data available concerning the immune response of fish against myxosporeans are reviewed, with emphasis on the different innate and adaptive immune mechanisms, their relationship with natural and acquired resistance and the strategies to control and prevent myxosporoses. Cellular effectors (lymphocytes, granulocytes, phagocytes, non-specific cytotoxic cells, rodlet cells) and humoral factors (lysozyme, peroxidades, antiproteases, complement, specific antibodies) have been examined for several myxosporoses, and some immune relevant genes have been studied. This information will be crucial for the future development of vaccines and other preventive strategies such as immunomodulation and selection of disease-resistant strains

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Relative quantification of immune-regulatory genes in two rainbow trout strains, Oncorhynchus mykiss, after exposure to Myxobolus cerebralis, the causative agent of whirling disease

Cited by 33 publications

References 48 publications

Immune gene expression profiling of Proliferative Kidney Disease in rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss reveals a dominance of anti-inflammatory, antibody and T helper cell-like activities

Immune gene expression profiling of Proliferative Kidney Disease in rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss reveals a dominance of anti-inflammatory, antibody and T helper cell-like activities

Immune‐related genes expression profile in orange‐spotted grouper during exposure to Cryptocaryon irritans

Fish immune response to Myxozoan parasites

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