Relative utility of a visual analogue scale vs a six-point Likert scale in the measurement of global subject outcome in patients with low back pain receiving physiotherapy

Esthetic Evaluation of Implant‐Supported Single Crowns: The Implant Restoration Esthetic Index and Patient Perception

“…The results agreed with the results of a study by Martins et al, in which they correlated VAS and NS in auditory‐perceptual evaluations, and pointed out that the VAS was more sensitive to small marking differences than the NS. The Likert scale is a form of NS, and it typically has five to seven response levels . In a study with respect to how to determine patient satisfaction, Voutilainen et al demonstrated that the VAS was less vulnerable to confounding factors and ceiling effect than a symmetric Likert scale.…”

“…The Likert scale is a form of NS, and it typically has five to seven response levels. 27 In a study with respect to how to determine patient satisfaction, Voutilainen et al 28 demonstrated that the VAS was less vulnerable to confounding factors and ceiling effect than a symmetric Likert scale. The ceiling effect is a measurement limitation that is observed when the majority of participants reach the maximum or near maximum score.…”

Abdominal symptoms in cystic fibrosis and their relation to genotype, history, clinical and laboratory findings

“…In addition, one item regarding the intensity of pain during bowel movements was evaluated. Pain frequency was measured using a Likert-type scale [20], with six response options ranging from `never´ (0pts) to `daily´ (5pts). Pain intensity was assessed using a well-validated Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) [21], which consists of an 11-point scale ranging from 0 to 10 with a series of six emotion expressing faces anchored at either end by `no pain´ (0pts) to `worst pain ever´ (5pts; 2 VAS steps each).…”

Insomnia in workers with delayed recovery from mild traumatic brain injury

“…The continuous variables were the number of comorbid medical conditions, body mass index, depression determined using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) [43], anxiety determined using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS-A) [44], pain determined by the Pain Visual Analogue Scale (P-VAS) [45], sleep apnea determined using the STOP-Bang questionnaire [46], restless legs determined by adopted Restless Legs Questionnaire [47], and narcolepsy, as determined by the Swiss Narcolepsy Scale [48]. Binary variables were the severity of brain injury determined by the presence of loss of consciousness, retrograde or anterograde post-traumatic amnesia, the mechanism of injury, and the presence of previous head trauma; the presence of DSM-IV-TR disorders [13], including mood, anxiety, adjustment, substance-related, somatoform, sleep, and personality disorders; comorbid conditions (heart disease, arthritis, diabetes mellitus, thyroid dysfunction (hypo-or hyperthyroidism); and the symptom load impacting on sleep, such as snoring, observed pauses in breathing during sleep, head or neck pain, and bodily pain.…”