Relative viscosity and concentration

Rutgers, Ir. R.

doi:10.1007/bf01976051

Cited by 268 publications

(111 citation statements)

References 234 publications

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“…In 1962, Rutgers 30 listed 96 equations and classified them into various categories such as theoretical, semi-empirical, empirical, Einsteinian, logarithmic, and polynomial. Sudduth 31 then showed that many of these equations differ only in the degree to which they account for intermolecular interactions.…”

Section: Macroscopic and Microscopic Descriptions Of Solution Viscositymentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular basis of high viscosity in concentrated antibody solutions: Strategies for high concentration drug product development

Tomar

Kumar

Singh

et al. 2016

mAbs

162

145

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Effective translation of breakthrough discoveries into innovative products in the clinic requires proactive mitigation or elimination of several drug development challenges. These challenges can vary depending upon the type of drug molecule. In the case of therapeutic antibody candidates, a commonly encountered challenge is high viscosity of the concentrated antibody solutions. Concentration-dependent viscosity behaviors of mAbs and other biologic entities may depend on pairwise and higher-order intermolecular interactions, non-native aggregation, and concentration-dependent fluctuations of various antibody regions. This article reviews our current understanding of molecular origins of viscosity behaviors of antibody solutions. We discuss general strategies and guidelines to select low viscosity candidates or optimize lead candidates for lower viscosity at early drug discovery stages. Moreover, strategies for formulation optimization and excipient design are also presented for candidates already in advanced product development stages. Potential future directions for research in this field are also explored.

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Section: Macroscopic and Microscopic Descriptions Of Solution Viscositymentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular basis of high viscosity in concentrated antibody solutions: Strategies for high concentration drug product development

Tomar

Kumar

Singh

et al. 2016

mAbs

162

145

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Equation (36) satisfies the additional constraint that dk{dϕ s Ñ 0 when ϕ s Ñ ϕ m and it was successfully applied by Pal [49] in describing the aggregation of asphaltene solutions. The effective volume fraction ϕ e f f defined by Equation (37), assuming no solvation of particles, was referred to as "rheological concentration" by Rutgers [50] in his paper on large micron-sized particulate suspensions. The effective volume fraction defined by Equation (38) in the absence of any solvation of particles has been successfully used to describe the shear modulus of suspensions of large micron-sized suspensions [51,52].…”

Section: Estimation Of the Solvation And Aggregation Coefficientsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling the Viscosity of Concentrated Nanoemulsions and Nanosuspensions

Pal

2016

Fluids

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Abstract:The modeling of the viscous behavior of nanoemulsions and nanosuspensions is discussed. The influences of the viscosity ratio, solvation and aggregation of nanodroplets and nanoparticles on the relative viscosity of nanofluids are considered. The relative viscosity of a nanofluid is strongly affected by solvation of nanoparticles. The scaling of the relative viscosity of nanoemulsions is successfully carried out using the volume fraction of the solvated nanodroplets. Four sets of experimental relative viscosity data of nanoemulsions consisting of different diameter nanodroplets (27.5 nm-205 nm) all collapse on a single unique curve when the data are scaled on the basis of the volume fraction of the solvated nanodroplets. A similar scaling is achieved using six sets of experimental relative viscosity data on nanosuspensions consisting of different diameter nanoparticles (29 nm-146 nm). A new modified version of the Oldroyd model is proposed to describe and predict the viscosity of nanofluids. The model takes into consideration the influences of the viscosity ratio, solvation and aggregation of nanoparticles/nanodroplets. The same model is applicable to both nanoemulsions and nanosuspensions as it includes the effect of the viscosity ratio (ratio of droplet viscosity to matrix viscosity) on the relative viscosity of nanofluids. More experimental work is needed on nanoemulsions to explore the effect of the viscosity ratio, especially at low values of the viscosity ratio.

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“…We approach approximating the mixture viscosity using Einstein's (17) pioneering derivation of an expression for viscosity of a dilute suspension of solid spheres. Since his work, considerable effort, both theoretical and empirical, has been dedicated to extending the theory to higher concentrations of particles (see, for example, references [18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26]. In a two-phase flow of immiscible fluids, the liquid with considerably higher volume fraction, usually, constitutes the continuous phase, and the one with lower volume fraction constitutes the dispersed phase.…”

Section: Centrifugal Contactorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Centrifugal Contactors: Separation of an Aqueous and an Organic Stream in the Rotor Zone (LA‐UR‐05‐7800)

Padial‐Collins

Zhang

Zou

et al. 2006

Separation Science and Technology

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A multi-phase flow code is used to simulate the separation of an aqueous and an organic stream in the rotor zone of an annular centrifugal contactor. Different values for the mixture viscosity and for the initial volume fractions of the components are considered. A simple model for mass transfer of a species between phases is used. Geometrical effects are found to have significant influence on the separation of the two-phase mixture.,

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Relative viscosity and concentration

Cited by 268 publications

References 234 publications

Molecular basis of high viscosity in concentrated antibody solutions: Strategies for high concentration drug product development

Molecular basis of high viscosity in concentrated antibody solutions: Strategies for high concentration drug product development

Modeling the Viscosity of Concentrated Nanoemulsions and Nanosuspensions

Centrifugal Contactors: Separation of an Aqueous and an Organic Stream in the Rotor Zone (LA‐UR‐05‐7800)

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