Relatively brief environmental enrichment aids recovery of learning capacity and alters brain measures after postweaning brain lesions in rats.

Will, Bruno; Rosenzweig, Mark R.; Bennett, Edward L.; Hébert, Marie; Morimoto, Hiromi

doi:10.1037/h0077306

Cited by 148 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…We showed this in experiments with rats in the 1970s (Will et al 1977), and research along this line continues. To what degree does experience actually aid in recovery, and to what degree does it only help to compensate for the effects of brain injury?…”

Section: Applications To Recovery From or Compensation For Brain Damagementioning

confidence: 61%

Aspects of the Search for Neural Mechanisms of Memory

Rosenzweig

1996

Annu. Rev. Psychol.

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102

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The search for neural mechanisms of memory has been under way for more than a century. The pace quickened in the 1960s when investigators found that training or differential experience leads to significant changes in brain neurochemistry, anatomy, and electrophysiology. Many steps have now been identified in the neurochemical cascade that starts with neural stimulation and ends with encoding information in long-term memory. Applications of research in this field are being made to child development, successful aging, recovery from brain damage, and animal welfare. Extensions of current research and exciting new techniques promise novel insights into mechanisms of memory in the decades ahead. CONTENTS

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Section: Applications To Recovery From or Compensation For Brain Damagementioning

confidence: 61%

Aspects of the Search for Neural Mechanisms of Memory

Rosenzweig

1996

Annu. Rev. Psychol.

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102

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“…The cellular mechanisms associated with impaired cognition in IC rats are reportedly similar to those associated with CNS damage or degeneration [39]. Thus, compounds that can improve the memory of IC rats may also benefit patients with some types of neuronal damage [40].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…The largest increase in phospholipids and greatest protection from memory impairments occur when choline, DHA, and UMP are administered in combination. EC has been implicated as a possible treatment for preventing memory impairment in such diseases as traumatic brain injury (TBI) [40,60], prenatal hypoxia [61], epilepsy [62], stroke [63], Huntington's Disease [64,65] and depression [66]. Coadministration of DHA and UMP may aid in their treatment as well.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chronic administration of DHA and UMP improves the impaired memory of environmentally impoverished rats

Holguin

Huang

Liu

et al. 2008

Behavioural Brain Research

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Living in an enriched environment (EC) during development enhances memory function in adulthood; living in an impoverished environment (IC) impairs memory function. Compounds previously demonstrated to improve memory among IC rats include CDP-choline and uridine monophosphate (UMP). Brain phosphatidylcholine (PC) synthesis utilizes both the uridine formed from the metabolism of exogenous CDP-choline and UMP, and the choline formed from that of CDPcholine. It also uses the polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) DHA, a precursor for the diacylglycerol incorporated into PC. DHA administration also improves cognition in young and aged rodents and humans; its effects on cognitively-impaired IC rats have not been characterized. We have thus examined the consequences of administering DHA (300 mg/kg ) by gavage, UMP (0.5% in the diet), or both compounds on hippocampal-and striatal-dependent forms of memory among rats exposed to EC or IC conditions for 1 month starting at weaning, and consuming a choline-containing diet. We observe that giving IC rats either dietary UMP or gavaged DHA improves performance on the hidden version of the Morris water maze (all P<0.05), a hippocampal-dependent task; coadministration of both phosphatide precursors further enhances the IC rats' performance on this task (P<0.001). Neither UMP, DHA, nor both compounds affects the performance of EC rats on the hidden version of the Morris water maze (P>0.05), nor the performance by IC or EC rats on the visible version of the Morris water maze (all P>0.05), a striatal-dependent task. We confirm that coadministration of UMP and DHA to rats increases brain levels of the phosphatides PC, PE, SM, PS, PI, and total brain phospholipid levels (all p<0.05), and show that rearing animals in an enriched environment also elevates brain PC, PS, and PI levels (all p<0.01) and total brain phospholipids (p<0.01) compared with their levels in animals reared in an IC environment. These findings suggest that giving DHA plus UMP can ameliorate memory deficits associated with rearing under impoverished conditions, and that this effect may be mediated in part through enhanced synthesis of brain membrane phosphatides.

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“…In rats, environmental enrichment has been demonstrated to increase the size of the cerebral cortex, the efficacy and number of synapses and the problem-solving ability [38,39]. However, the neonatally REM sleep-deprived rats subjected to this enriched environment did not display any significant plasticity effect after weaning [33].…”

Section: Rem Sleepmentioning

confidence: 99%

A role for sleep in brain plasticity

Dang‐Vu

Desseilles²,

Peigneux

et al. 2006

Pediatric Rehabilitation

112

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The idea that sleep might be involved in brain plasticity has been investigated for many years through a large number of animal and human studies, but evidence remains fragmentary. Large amounts of sleep in early life suggest that sleep may play a role in brain maturation. In particular, the influence of sleep in developing the visual system has been highlighted. The current data suggest that both Rapid Eye Movement (REM) and non-REM sleep states would be important for brain development. Such findings stress the need for optimal paediatric sleep management. In the adult brain, the role of sleep in learning and memory is emphasized by studies at behavioural, systems, cellular and molecular levels. First, sleep amounts are reported to increase following a learning task and sleep deprivation impairs task acquisition and consolidation. At the systems level, neurophysiological studies suggest possible mechanisms for the consolidation of memory traces. These imply both thalamocortical and hippocampo-neocortical networks. Similarly, neuroimaging techniques demonstrated the experiencedependent changes in cerebral activity during sleep. Finally, recent works show the modulation during sleep of cerebral protein synthesis and expression of genes involved in neuronal plasticity.Keywords: Sleep, plasticity, brain development, memory, functional neuroimaging La idea de que dormir pudiera estar involucrado en la plasticidad cerebral ha sido investigada por muchos añ os a través de un gran nú mero de estudios en animales y humanos, pero la evidencia permanece fragmentada. Grandes cantidades de sueñ o en los inicios de la vida sugiere que el sueñ o puede tener un papel en la maduració n cerebral. En particular ha sido remarcada la influencia del sueñ o en el desarrollo del sistema visual. Los datos actuales sugieren que las etapas de sueñ o REM y no-REM podrían ser importantes para el desarrollo cerebral. Tales hallazgos demandan la necesidad de un manejo ó ptimo del sueñ o pediátrico. En el cerebro adulto, el papel del sueñ o en el aprendizaje y la memoria es enfatizado por estudios a niveles conductual, sistémico, celular y molecular. Primero, se reporta que las cantidades de sueñ o aumentan después de una tarea de aprendizaje y la falta del sueñ o limita la adquisició n y consolidació n de la tarea. A nivel sistémico, los estudios neurofisioló gicos sugieren posibles mecanismos para la consolidació n de los rastros de memoria. Esto implica a las redes tálamo-cortical y la hipocampo-neocortical. De igual manera, las técnicas de neuroimagen demostraron los cambios dependientes de la experiencia, en la actividad cerebral durante el sueñ o. Finalmente, trabajos recientes muestran durante el sueñ o la modulació n de la síntesis proteica cerebral y la expresió n de los genes involucrados en la plasticidad neuronal.

show abstract

Relatively brief environmental enrichment aids recovery of learning capacity and alters brain measures after postweaning brain lesions in rats.

Cited by 148 publications

References 24 publications

Aspects of the Search for Neural Mechanisms of Memory

Aspects of the Search for Neural Mechanisms of Memory

Chronic administration of DHA and UMP improves the impaired memory of environmentally impoverished rats

A role for sleep in brain plasticity

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