Relatively Different? How do Gender Differences in Well-Being Depend on Paid and Unpaid Work in Europe?

Boye, Katarina

doi:10.1007/s11205-008-9434-1

Cited by 64 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…It is likely that a number of other factors will have affected these relationships, including whether the woman’s husband or partner held traditional or egalitarian GRAs (although previous studies, including analyses of the BHPS find moderate correlations between the GRAs of men and their wives or partners [10, 68]), the nature of the woman’s employment (in particular whether full- or part-time) and her other roles. The authors of one paper which found no evidence that lack of fit between attitudes and behaviour impacted on marital dissatisfaction suggested that such inconsistencies may be tolerated as ‘unavoidable consequences of individual circumstances’ (p. 183) [33], while those of the two other analyses with similar findings provide no explanations [5, 25]. What is interesting, is that it was the youngest age-group of women who showed most evidence of greater distress when GRAs and actual roles conflicted.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changing gender roles and attitudes and their implications for well-being around the new millennium

Sweeting

Bhaskar

Benzeval

et al. 2013

Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol

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PurposeGiven evidence that gender role attitudes (GRAs) and actual gender roles impact on well-being, we examine associations between GRAs, three roles (marital status, household chore division, couple employment) and psychological distress in working-age men and women. We investigate time-trends reflecting broader social and economic changes, by focusing on three age groups at two dates.MethodsWe used British Household Panel Survey data from 20- to 64-year-olds in heterosexual couple households in 1991 (N = 5,302) and 2007 (N = 6,621). We examined: levels of traditional GRAs according to gender, age, date, household and employment roles; associations which GRAs and roles had with psychological distress (measured via the GHQ-12); whether psychological distress increased when GRAs conflicted with actual roles; and whether any of these associations differed according to gender, age or date.ResultsGender traditionalism was lower among women, younger people, those participating in 2007 and in ‘less traditional’ relationships and households. Psychological distress was higher among those with more traditional GRAs and, particularly among men, for those not employed, and there was some evidence of different patterns of association according to age-group. There was limited evidence, among women only, of increased psychological distress when GRAs and actual roles conflicted and/or reductions when GRAs and roles agreed, particularly in respect of household chores and paid employment.ConclusionsAlthough some aspects of gender roles and attitudes (traditionalism and paid employment) are associated with well-being, others (marital status and household chores), and attitude-role consistency, may have little impact on the well-being of contemporary UK adults.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s00127-013-0730-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changing gender roles and attitudes and their implications for well-being around the new millennium

Sweeting

Bhaskar

Benzeval

et al. 2013

Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol

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“…Most research fi nds that women's wellbeing decreases with increasing hours of housework and increases with longer hours in paid employment (Boye 2009 ;Mencarini and Siron 2012 ). The same is not the case for men.…”

Section: Unpaid Work and Wellbeingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The same is not the case for men. Many studies fi nd no association between housework and men's wellbeing and only limited evidence of links between employment hours and men's wellbeing (Boye 2009 ), possibly because of minimal variation in paid and unpaid work hours for men. As Boye ( 2009 ) points out, this may vary with gender attitudes or preferences around working time.…”

Section: Unpaid Work and Wellbeingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inequalities in Unpaid Work: A Cross-National Comparison

Baxter

Tai

2016

Handbook on Well-Being of Working Women

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“…Findings from the European Social Survey (ESS), which includes Austria, Belgium, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, Ukrain, and the United Kingdom, suggests that these additional demands on women may affect their psychological well‐being. Although men's well‐being was not related to the number of hours they spent engaged in paid work or housework, women's well‐being was positively related to hours engaged in paid work and was negatively related to hours engaged in housework (Boye, 2009). Unfortunately, this extra burden faced by many employed women (but fewer employed men) is rarely realized or acknowledged by others.…”

Section: Policy Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Women and Men in Conflicting Social Roles: Implications from Social Psychological Research

Clow

Ricciardelli

2011

Social Issues Policy Review

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Despite legislation for gender equality in many nations, gender discrimination continues to be a problem. Psychological research from social role theory, the stereotype content model, and ambivalent sexism provide insights into the motivations behind gender inequality. This article reviews key research findings from these theoretical perspectives in the realm of gendered occupational inequalities and segregation. The emphasis of the article is on individuals fulfilling social roles that are perceived as conflicting and the consequences of those perceptions. Parents in the workforce, female leaders, and male nurses are used as specific examples of social role conflict. The policy implications from this research—and the issues facing parents in the workforce, female leaders, and male nurses in particular—are discussed.

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Relatively Different? How do Gender Differences in Well-Being Depend on Paid and Unpaid Work in Europe?

Abstract: Well-being, Paid working hours, Housework hours, Gender, Gender attitudes, Social comparison, Europe,

Cited by 64 publications

References 29 publications

Changing gender roles and attitudes and their implications for well-being around the new millennium

Changing gender roles and attitudes and their implications for well-being around the new millennium

Inequalities in Unpaid Work: A Cross-National Comparison

Women and Men in Conflicting Social Roles: Implications from Social Psychological Research

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