Relatively Easy Criteria for Success Enhances Motor Learning by Altering Perceived Competence

Iwatsuki, Takehiro; Regis, Claude J.

doi:10.1177/0031512520981237

Cited by 10 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Training conditions that contain rewards (or more accurately, increase learners' expectancies for rewards) cause people to turn their attention to task-related thoughts, and also avoid the irrelevant thoughts to the task or skill performance (Wulf & Lewthwaite, 2016). In addition, increasing expectancies in a targeting task by providing a relatively easy criteria for success increases learners' perceived competence and increases their motor learning (Iwatsuki & Regis, 2021). Under these conditions, learners were given a consistent impression of being more successful, which subsequently led to more learning.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Various forms of manipulations have been shown to facilitate motor skill acquisitions, such as providing positive statements or social-comparative feedback (Ávila et al, 2012), visual illusion (Chauvel et al, 2015), self-modeling (Clark & Ste-Marie, 2007), conceptions of ability (Drews et al, 2013;Wulf & Lewthwaite, 2009), and perceived difficulty (Trempe et al, 2012). Individuals who were provided with the relatively easy criteria for success during the practice led to enhanced learning outcomes than those with the difficult criteria for success (Iwatsuki & Regis, 2021;Palmer et al, 2016). From psychological standpoints, manipulations that induce one's expectancies for success, in turn, enhanced self-efficacy (Chauvel et al, 2015;Hutchinson et al, 2008;Ong et al, 2015), perceived competence (Gonçalves et al, 2018;Iwatsuki & Regis, 2021), and positive affect (Stoate et al, 2012).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Individuals who were provided with the relatively easy criteria for success during the practice led to enhanced learning outcomes than those with the difficult criteria for success (Iwatsuki & Regis, 2021;Palmer et al, 2016). From psychological standpoints, manipulations that induce one's expectancies for success, in turn, enhanced self-efficacy (Chauvel et al, 2015;Hutchinson et al, 2008;Ong et al, 2015), perceived competence (Gonçalves et al, 2018;Iwatsuki & Regis, 2021), and positive affect (Stoate et al, 2012).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Easy Task and Choice: Motivational Interventions Facilitate Motor Skill Learning in Children

Mousavi

Iwatsuki

2022

Journal of Motor Learning and Development

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Expectancies for success and autonomy support have been shown to facilitate motor learning and enhance motor performance. The purpose of the study was to examine whether we replicated (a) enhanced expectancies and autonomy support intervention enhanced motor skill learning in children, and (b) identified the underlying psychological mechanism. Sixty children kicked soccer balls with their dominant leg to a squared area target. Participants were randomly assigned to one of the four groups: enhanced expectancies and autonomy support (EE/AS), enhanced expectancies (EE), autonomy support (AS), or control (CON) groups. Participants learning the skill were or were not provided enhanced expectation instructions by making the task success easier and provided an opportunity to choose one of the three colored balls during their practice. Two days later, they performed retention and transfer tests. Results indicated that the EE/AS group had the highest scores, with main effects of autonomy support being significant and enhanced expectancies being marginally significant for the retention test and significant for the transfer test. The EE/AS group had the highest self-efficacy and perceived choice scores. Therefore, having high expectancies for success and being autonomous were important ingredients for facilitating motor skill learning in children.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Easy Task and Choice: Motivational Interventions Facilitate Motor Skill Learning in Children

Mousavi

Iwatsuki

2022

Journal of Motor Learning and Development

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“…Providing different performance success criteria enhanced motor performance and learning. 36,37 In a study of Palmer et al, 37 participants performed goal putting task where two different circles -large and small circles -can be seen frontward. Half of the participants were informed that balls ending up in the large circle indicated good performance (large circle group), while the other half were told that balls landing in the small circle were good trials (small circle group).…”

Section: Enhanced Expectancies For Successmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effectively optimizing esports performance through movement science principles

Iwatsuki

Hagiwara

Dugan

2021

International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching

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Esports has been the fastest-growing industry around the globe, as the number of games and prize earnings are dramatically increasing. Esports is defined as competitive sport video gaming; more individuals are beginning to pursue this as a profession. Just like the University of California, Irvine, which offers a program to enhance esports skills and performance, the number of such institutions are expected to increase in this century; yet, research on how individuals effectively optimize esports performance is lacking. Specifically, how teachers or instructors lead players to enhance their esports performance has not been extensively discussed. The review article aimed to introduce two motivational factors that, from the existing movement science and psychological literature, have consistently been demonstrated to enhance motor skills (physical tasks): enhanced expectancies for success and autonomy support. Practical implications for enhancing esports performance and future direction were also discussed.

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“…However, motor learning is a phenomenon still little investigated with regard to perceived competence (Carvalhais et al, 2021;Iwatsuki & Regis, 2020). This study aimed to evaluate the effect of the goal difficulty level on volleyball serve learning and whether perceived sports competence is a covariate in this process.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Goal difficulty level and perceived competence on volleyball serve learning

Costa

2023

EJHM

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The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of the goal difficulty level on the volleyball serve learning and if the perceived sports competence mediates this process. Adolescent volunteers (N = 22, age = 14.0 ± 0.9 years) participated in this study performing the volleyball serve. Two experimental groups were formed: high difficult goal group (HDG; n = 11) and low difficult goal group (LDG; n = 11). Both groups performed 15 trials in the pretest, 160 trials in the acquisition throughout four days, and 15 trials in the retention test after 72 hours. Performance was measured by means of the target bull’s-eye accuracy of the volleyball serve. Comparing the two groups' performance accuracy and consistency on pretest and retention tests was run through two-way ANOVA and ANCOVA (2 Groups x 2 Blocks). The results showed high goal led to greater performance accuracy in the retention than the lower goal, with a very large effect size. The HDG had higher accuracy in the retention test than the pretest (p < .001), while the LDG had no improvement. ANCOVA detected significant between the covariate perceived sport competence and tests. The effect size magnitude of the high goal difficulty in the serve accuracy was higher when adjusted by perceived sports competence. This finding indicates that perceived sports competence could maximize goal difficulty effectiveness. In conclusion, the goal with high difficulty is more effective for volleyball serve learning than low difficulty, and the perceived sports competence seems to moderate the learning process.

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Relatively Easy Criteria for Success Enhances Motor Learning by Altering Perceived Competence

Cited by 10 publications

References 34 publications

Easy Task and Choice: Motivational Interventions Facilitate Motor Skill Learning in Children

Easy Task and Choice: Motivational Interventions Facilitate Motor Skill Learning in Children

Effectively optimizing esports performance through movement science principles

Goal difficulty level and perceived competence on volleyball serve learning

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