Relatively High Seroprevalence of Hepatitis B Surface Antigen in Female Civil Servants in Enugu State of Nigeria

Williams, Roger L.

doi:10.5005/jp-journals-10018-1004

Cited by 7 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…It may be associated with risky procedures with no aseptic and antiseptic measures applied, such as blood brotherhood (two or more men swearing loyalty to each other in a ceremony known as a blood oath, where the blood of each man is mingled together), circumcision and the use of alum stone during shaving at the barber's shop. As a matter of fact, studies conducted in Nigeria and Yemen showed a higher HBsAg seroprevalence among traditionally circumcised females compared to females not going through this process [15,16]. In recent years, advances in reducing exposure to HBV were achieved by strict implementation of childhood vaccination program and through raising awareness for routes of transmission of HBV and HCV and increased level of education.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Study on the Age-Related Changes in Hepatitis B and C Virus Serology

2016

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Objective: There are a limited number of studies on the seroprevalence of Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in Turkey. This study aimed to compare HBV and HCV seroprevalence rates before and after the implementation of national hepatitis B vaccination program (NHPVP) and to explore age-related changes in the seroprevalences. Materials and Methods:Results of Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), Hepatitis B virus surface antibody (antiHBs) and anti-HCV tests performed during 2009 and 2010 in a state hospital laboratory were reviewed retrospectively. As NHPVP was started in 1998, 12 years of age and younger children were considered post-NHPVP period subjects.Results: A total of 3280 HBsAg, 2444 antiHBs and 3188 anti-HCV test results were reviewed, representing approximately 3% of the population of the city where the study was conducted. HBsAg, antiHBs and anti-HCV positivity were 3.2%, 36.12% and 0.97%, respectively. HBsAg and antiHBs positivity were higher among males (p<0.001). When assessed by age groups, HBsAg positivity was found to be the lowest in the age group 0-12 and highest in the age group 51-60. HBsAg positivity was lower in the post-NHPVP period versus pre-NHPVP period (p=0.01). Anti-HCV positivity was similar for pre-and post-NHPVP periods (p>0.05). Conclusion:Owing to the use of NHPVP, HBsAg seropositivity has decreased, and it is expected to decrease further in the next years with a wider implementation of the program. Efforts should be continued to increase the level of awareness in the community for HBV and the importance of immunization. Bulgular:Çalışmanın yapıldığı il nüfusunun yaklaşık %3'üne tekabül eden 3280 HBsAg, 2444 antiHBs ve 3188 anti-HCV test sonucu değerlendirmeye alındı. HBsAg, antiHBs ve anti-HCV pozitifliği sırasıyla %3,2, %36,12 ve %0,97 bulundu. HBsAg ve antiHBs pozitifliği erkeklerde kadınlardan daha yüksekti (p<0,001). Yaş gruplarına göre HBsAg pozitifliği en düşük 0-12 yaş arası, en yüksek 51-60 yaş arası bulundu. UHBAP öncesi dönemde UHBAP sonrası döneme göre HBsAg pozitifliği daha düşüktü (p=0,01). Anti-HCV pozitifliği UHBAP öncesi ve sonrası dönemde benzerdi (p>0,05).Sonuç: UHBAP ile beraber HBsAg seropozitifliği azalmış ve programın daha geniş bir şekilde uygulanmasıyla önümüzdeki yıllar-da daha da azalacağı beklenmektedir. HBV ile bağışıklamanın önemi hakkında toplumun farkındalık düzeyini artırıcı faaliyetlere devam edilmelidir.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Study on the Age-Related Changes in Hepatitis B and C Virus Serology

2016

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“…Thus, 19 million Nigerians are currently infected and approximately 5 million will die of causes related to HBV infection [ 10 ]. In Nigeria, HBV infection has been studied in several populations [ 11 ][ 12 ][ 13 ][ 14 ][ 15 ][ 16 ][ 17 ][ 18 ][ 19 ][ 20 ][ 21 ] ( Table ). Despite the availability of a safe and effective vaccine since 1982 [ 22 ][ 23 ] and its inclusion in Nigeria’s national immunization program in 1995, the vaccine only became available to the public in 2004 [ 24 ],[ 25 ].…”

Section: Introduction and Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This is a substantial number, as it translates to 28,595 new HBV infections each year. A publication by the US Center for Disease Control[ 30 ] and a study in Nigeria [ 31 ] implicated injection from untrained community medical providers, body scarification, sharing of sharp body-piercing instruments, sharing of toothbrushes, and uvulectomy as reasons for the spread of HBV [ 16 ]. A relatively high prevalence was demonstrated in a group of Nigerian female civil servants, a finding thought to be related to female circumcision.…”

Section: Introduction and Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Chronic Hepatitis B: Management Challenges in Resource-Poor Countries

Nwokediuko

2011

Hpat Mon

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Sylvester Chuks Nwokediuko, Department of Medicine, University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Ituku OzallaChronic infection with hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a global public health problem because of its worldwide distribution and its potential to cause sequelae. HBV is most prevalent in China, South East Asia, sub-Saharan Africa, and the Amazon basin of South America where health care resources are most limited. Numerous challenges exist for effective management of chronic HBV infection, particularly in resource-limited regions. These challenges include lack of accurate prevalence data, absence of a surveillance program, and poor political will of governments in resource-poor countries to enforce effective measures to control the disease. There is a lack of understanding regarding HBV infec-tion by both the general public and health care providers. A better understanding of the pathogenesis and treatment of this condition is necessary. The acute shortage of trained medical manpower necessary for accurate diagnosis and treatment of chronic hepati-tis B (CHB) in resource-poor countries is a formidable challenge. The condition is com-plicated by the continuing efflux of medical graduates from low-income economies to richer countries. The most critical problem in the management of CHB is the high cost of laboratory tests and drugs. Drugs are also not readily available. Other challenges in the manage-ment of CHB include stigmatization of patients, co-infection with other viruses, lack of management guidelines, and absence of an effective patient referral system. To address these challenges, governments of resource-poor nations must be committed to budg-etary allocation for the implementation of health programs. It is necessary to provide awareness campaigns, health education, proper screening of blood and blood products for transfusion, active screening, intensification of existing childhood immunization, technical and financial assistance from wealthier nations, and implementation of the recommendations outlined in the Global Hepatitis Policy (2010).

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“…In Nigeria, HBV infection has been studied in several populations (11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21) (Table). Despite the availability of a safe and effective vaccine since 1982 (22,23) and its inclusion in Nigeria's national immunization program in 1995, the vaccine only became available to the public in 2004 (24,25).…”

Section: Introduction and Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This is a substantial number, as it translates to 28,595 new HBV infections each year. A publication by the US Center for Disease Control(30) and a study in Nigeria (31) implicated injection from untrained community medical providers, body scarification, sharing of sharp body-piercing instruments, sharing of toothbrushes, and uvulectomy as reasons for the spread of HBV (16). A relatively high prevalence was demonstrated in a group of Nigerian female civil servants, a finding thought to be related to female circumcision.…”

Section: Introduction and Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Chronic Hepatitis B: Management Challenges in Resource-Poor Coun-tries

Nwokediuko¹

2011

Hepat Mon

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Relatively High Seroprevalence of Hepatitis B Surface Antigen in Female Civil Servants in Enugu State of Nigeria

Cited by 7 publications

References 18 publications

A Study on the Age-Related Changes in Hepatitis B and C Virus Serology

A Study on the Age-Related Changes in Hepatitis B and C Virus Serology

Chronic Hepatitis B: Management Challenges in Resource-Poor Countries

Chronic Hepatitis B: Management Challenges in Resource-Poor Coun-tries

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