Relativistic Jet Dynamics and Calorimetry of Gamma-Ray Bursts

Wygoda, Nahliel; Waxman, Eli; Frail, D. A.

doi:10.1088/2041-8205/738/2/l23

Cited by 86 publications

(84 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…(Here, we also show the condition t(β = 1) < 2 days, which was used by Toma et al (2007). However, as discussed above and in Wygoda et al (2011), the radio flux still deviates considerably from the Sedov-Taylor prediction at this time because the outflow is semirelativistic.) The situation changes if some additional mass is swept up by the jet before the first radio observation, in which case the condition E k < M sw c 2 replaces the upper limit on t s .…”

Section: Radio Afterglowmentioning

confidence: 57%

“…In the choked-jet scenario, the flow must reach a quasispherical state prior to breaking out of the envelope semirelativistically, which could be difficult. Numerical simulations suggest that the bulk of the jet outflow does not become quasi-spherical until long after it becomes nonrelativistic (Zhang & MacFadyen 2009;Wygoda et al 2011;van Eerten & MacFadyen 2012). In the lab frame, this occurs on a time-scale ∼ 5t NR , where t NR is set by…”

Section: Uv/optical Emissionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Jet or shock breakout? The low-luminosity GRB 060218

Irwin

Chevalier

2016

Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc.

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We consider a model for the low-luminosity gamma-ray burst GRB 060218 that plausibly accounts for multiwavelength observations to day 20. The model components are: (1) a long-lived (t j ∼ 3000 s) central engine and accompanying low-luminosity (L j ∼ 10 47 erg s −1 ), semirelativistic (γ ∼ 10) jet; (2) a low-mass (∼ 4 × 10 −3 M ) envelope surrounding the progenitor star; and (3) a modest amount of dust (A V ∼ 0.1 mag) in the interstellar environment. Blackbody emission from the transparency radius in a low-power jet outflow can fit the prompt thermal X-ray emission, and the nonthermal X-rays and γ-rays may be produced via Compton scattering of thermal photons from hot leptons in the jet interior or the external shocks. The later mildly relativistic phase of this outflow can produce the radio emission via synchrotron radiation from the forward shock. Meanwhile, interaction of the associated SN 2006aj with a circumstellar envelope extending to ∼ 10 13 cm can explain the early optical emission. The X-ray afterglow can be interpreted as a light echo of the prompt emission from dust at ∼ 30 pc. Our model is a plausible alternative to that of Nakar, who recently proposed shock breakout of a jet smothered by an extended envelope as the source of prompt emission. Both our results and Nakar's suggest that bursts such as GRB 060218 may originate from unusual progenitors with extended circumstellar envelopes, and that a jet is necessary to decouple the prompt emission from the supernova.

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Section: Radio Afterglowmentioning

confidence: 57%

Section: Uv/optical Emissionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Jet or shock breakout? The low-luminosity GRB 060218

Irwin

Chevalier

2016

Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc.

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Section: Radio Afterglowmentioning

confidence: 57%

“…the transition from beamed to quasi-spherical flow, has been investigated by many authors, both analytically (Rhoads 1999;Sari et al 1999;Livio & Waxman 2000;Chevalier & Li 2000;Wygoda et al 2011) and numerically (Zhang & MacFadyen 2009;Wygoda et al 2011;van Eerten & MacFadyen 2012. We discuss this topic in more detail in Section 2.4.5, as it is relevant to our model of GRB 060218.…”

Section: Radiation From Relativistic Jets Ii: the Afterglow Phasementioning

confidence: 97%

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Long-Duration, Low-Luminosity Gamma-Ray Bursts: Towards a Comprehensive Model of the Weakest Engine-Driven Explosions

Irwin¹

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Long-duration, low-luminosity gamma-ray bursts (LLGRBs) are a peculiar subclass of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) that are up to 5 orders of magnitude less luminous than typical bursts. The observation of Type Ic supernovae (SNe) accompanying LLGRBs supports the notion that, like typical GRBs, they are powered by the gravitational collapse of a massive star's core, but beyond this little is known about their origin, and the differences between the progenitors of LLGRBs and GRBs are unclear.In this dissertation, I present analytical and numerical modeling that aims to improve our understanding of the physical conditions leading to LLGRBs.We consider first the unusual GRB 060218, a well-studied event that is prototypical of the long-duration LLGRB class. We present a model for this burst that can account for the prompt X-ray emission lasting for ∼ 3000 s, the early optical peak lasting for hours, and the X-ray and radio afterglow lasting for several days.The basic ingredients of the model are a long-lived jet (t j ∼ 3000 s) with an unusually low luminosity (L j ∼ 10 47 erg s −1 ), a progenitor star surrounded by an extended (∼ 10 13 cm), optically thick, low-mass (∼ 10 −2 M ) envelope, and a modest amount of dust (A V ∼ 0.1) in the interstellar environment.We fit the observed thermal component of the prompt X-ray emission with a simple photospheric model, and then calculate the nonthermal emission due to inverseCompton (IC) scattering of thermal photons from the external shocks of the jet. We find that this model can fit the observed nonthermal emission, if the conditions are such that the reverse shock dominates the emission. We show that the low-power jet can successfully traverse the progenitor star and extended envelope, and that it can also produce the observed radio emission via external shock synchrotron emission at late times. In the meantime, fast ejecta from the associated SN 2006aj shock the iii extended envelope, which emits a burst of optical emission as it expands and cools, consistent with the early optical peak. We interpret the anomalous X-ray afterglow in GRB 060218 as a light echo from dust situated ∼ 30 pc from the burst. Our results suggest that LLGRB progenitors are shrouded in dense circumstellar envelopes, and that they require both a jet and a supernova. Support for this view comes fromNakar (2015), who considered a different model for LLGRBs involving choked jets, but arrived at the same main conclusions.Motivated by these results, we also perform numerical simulations of jets with standard GRB properties in stars with extended envelopes. We present analytical calculations that predict whether or not the jet escapes successfully from the envelope, and apply them to interpret the numerical results. We find that the jet-driven outflow is more well-confined by the envelope than previous analytical results suggested, leading to a flow that is far from spherically symmetric when it breaks out of the envelope. This is generally true for a wide range of physical parameters. Even though the outf...

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Grid-based Methods in Relativistic Hydrodynamics and Magnetohydrodynamics

Martí

Müller

2015

Living Rev Comput Astrophys

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An overview of grid-based numerical methods used in relativistic hydrodynamics (RHD) and magnetohydrodynamics (RMHD) is presented. Special emphasis is put on a comprehensive review of the application of high-resolution shock-capturing methods. Results of a set of demanding test bench simulations obtained with different numerical methods are compared in an attempt to assess the present capabilities and limits of the various numerical strategies. Applications to three astrophysical phenomena are briefly discussed to motivate the need for and to demonstrate the success of RHD and RMHD simulations in their understanding. The review further provides FORTRAN programs to compute the exact solution of the Riemann problem in RMHD, and to simulate 1D RMHD flows in Cartesian coordinates. Article RevisionsLiving Reviews supports two ways of keeping its articles up-to-date:Fast-track revision. A fast-track revision provides the author with the opportunity to add short notices of current research results, trends and developments, or important publications to the article. A fast-track revision is refereed by the responsible subject editor. If an article has undergone a fast-track revision, a summary of changes will be listed here.Major update. A major update will include substantial changes and additions and is subject to full external refereeing. It is published with a new publication number.For detailed documentation of an article's evolution, please refer to the history document of the article's online version at http://dx

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Relativistic Jet Dynamics and Calorimetry of Gamma-Ray Bursts

Cited by 86 publications

References 21 publications

Jet or shock breakout? The low-luminosity GRB 060218

Jet or shock breakout? The low-luminosity GRB 060218

Long-Duration, Low-Luminosity Gamma-Ray Bursts: Towards a Comprehensive Model of the Weakest Engine-Driven Explosions

Grid-based Methods in Relativistic Hydrodynamics and Magnetohydrodynamics

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