Relativistic Néel-Order Fields Induced by Electrical Current in Antiferromagnets

Železný, Jakub; Gao, Huadong; Výborný, Karel; Zemen, Jan; Mašek, J.; Manchon, Aurélien; Wunderlich, J.; Sinova, Jairo; Jungwirth, T.

doi:10.1103/physrevlett.113.157201

Cited by 484 publications

(541 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…Recently, a new direction in spintronics has been proposed based on nonrelativistic [1][2][3][4][5] and relativistic [6,7] spin-transport phenomena in which antiferromagnets (AFMs) complement or replace ferromagnets (FMs) in active parts of the device. AFMs have for decades played a passive role in conventional spin-valve structures where they provide pinning of the reference FM layer [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrical manipulation of ferromagnetic NiFe by antiferromagnetic IrMn

et al. 2015

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We demonstrate that an antiferromagnet can be employed for a highly efficient electrical manipulation of a ferromagnet. In our study, we use an electrical detection technique of the ferromagnetic resonance driven by an in-plane ac current in a NiFe/IrMn bilayer. At room temperature, we observe antidampinglike spin torque acting on the NiFe ferromagnet, generated by an in-plane current driven through the IrMn antiferromagnet. A large enhancement of the torque, characterized by an effective spin-Hall angle exceeding most heavy transition metals, correlates with the presence of the exchange-bias field at the NiFe/IrMn interface. It highlights that, in addition to the strong spin-orbit coupling, the antiferromagnetic order in IrMn governs the observed phenomenon.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrical manipulation of ferromagnetic NiFe by antiferromagnetic IrMn

et al. 2015

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“…The inter-sublattice band-mixing, which is accompanied by the energy gain ∼ |t 12 | as well as the energy cost ∼ 2J, can be thus treated as a perturbation. This may be the case in, e.g., layered AMFs such as Mn 2 Au [24] and CuMnAs [25] where the nearest-neighbor sites to hop are intra-sublattice with the c axis being the longest.…”

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Electric voltage generation by antiferromagnetic dynamics

2016

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We theoretically demonstrate dc and ac electric voltage generation due to spinmotive forces originating from domain wall motion and magnetic resonance, respectively, in two-sublattice antiferromagnets. Our theory accounts for the canting between the sublattice magnetizations, the nonadiabatic electron spin dynamics, and the Rashba spin-orbit coupling, with the inter-sublattice electron dynamics treated as a perturbation. This work suggests a new way to observe and explore the dynamics of antiferromagnetic textures by electrical means, an important aspect in the emerging field of antiferromagnetic spintronics, where both manipulation and detection of antiferromagnets are needed.Introduction.-In magnetic materials, the exchange interaction between the conduction electron spin and the local magnetization is responsible for a variety of important phenomena. Among the spintronic effects caused by this interaction, spin-transfer torque provides a path to promising information technology by enabling the angular momentum to be transferred between the electrons and magnetization [1,2]. The same interaction can also mediate a transfer of energies between the two channels. Such a transfer is mediated by the spinmotive force (SMF) [3][4][5][6], where magnetic energies stored by the magnetization can be transformed to an electric voltage. Theoretically, the SMF is attributed to a spin-dependent electric field arising due to the exchange interaction [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14], termed spin electric field. The SMF reflects the temporal and spatial variations of the magnetization, and thus offers a powerful way of probing and exploring the dynamics and nature of various magnetic textures.

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“…There are no stray fields in antiferromagnets, making them more robust against the influence of external magnetic fields. The recent discovery of anisotropic magnetoresistance [15][16][17], spin-orbit torques [18], and electrical switching of an antiferromagnet [19] demonstrate the feasibility of antiferromagnets as active spintronics components.The real benefit of antiferromagnets is that they can enable terahertz circuits. Unlike ferromagnets, the resonance frequency of antiferromagnets is also governed by the tremendous exchange energy.…”

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Spin pumping and inverse spin Hall voltages from dynamical antiferromagnets

Johansen

Brataas

2017

Phys. Rev. B

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Dynamical antiferromagnets can pump spins into adjacent conductors. The high antiferromagnetic resonance frequencies represent a challenge for experimental detection, but magnetic fields can reduce these resonance frequencies. We compute the ac and dc inverse spin Hall voltages resulting from dynamical spin excitations as a function of a magnetic field along the easy axis and the polarization of the driving ac magnetic field perpendicular to the easy axis. We consider the insulating antiferromagnets MnF 2 , FeF 2 , and NiO. Near the spin-flop transition, there is a significant enhancement of the dc spin pumping and inverse spin Hall voltage for the uniaxial antiferromagnets MnF 2 and FeF 2 . In the uniaxial antiferromagnets it is also found that the ac spin pumping is independent of the external magnetic field when the driving field has the optimal circular polarization. In the biaxial NiO, the voltages are much weaker, and there is no spin-flop enhancement of the dc component. DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevB.95.220408 Spin pumping is a versatile tool for probing spin dynamics in ferromagnets [1][2][3][4][5][6]. The magnitude of the pumped spin currents reveals information about the magnetization dynamics and the electron-magnon coupling at interfaces [7][8][9]. The precessing spins generate a pure spin flow into adjacent conductors. Inside the conductor, the resulting spin accumulation and currents give insight into the spin-orbit coupling. The inverse spin Hall effect (ISHE) is often used to convert the pure spin current into a charge current, which is detected [10,11]. Additionally, the induced nonequilibrium spins can be probed with x-ray magnetic circular dichroism measurements [12,13].Antiferromagnets differ strikingly from ferromagnets [14]. There are no stray fields in antiferromagnets, making them more robust against the influence of external magnetic fields. The recent discovery of anisotropic magnetoresistance [15][16][17], spin-orbit torques [18], and electrical switching of an antiferromagnet [19] demonstrate the feasibility of antiferromagnets as active spintronics components.The real benefit of antiferromagnets is that they can enable terahertz circuits. Unlike ferromagnets, the resonance frequency of antiferromagnets is also governed by the tremendous exchange energy. We recently demonstrated that the transverse spin conductance, a governing factor of spin pumping, is as large in antiferromagnet-normal metal junctions (AF|N) as in ferromagnet-normal metal junctions [20]. Furthermore, this result is valid even when the magnetic system is insulating. The firm electron-magnon coupling at the interface opens the door for electrical probing of the ultrafast spin dynamics in antiferromagnets [20,21].Precessing spins in antiferromagnets generate terahertz currents in adjacent conductors. This ability opens new territory in high-frequency spintronics. Such studies could become influential in gathering vital insight into fast electron dynamics and eventually for a broad range of applications. These electric sign...

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Relativistic Néel-Order Fields Induced by Electrical Current in Antiferromagnets

Cited by 484 publications

References 43 publications

Electrical manipulation of ferromagnetic NiFe by antiferromagnetic IrMn

Electrical manipulation of ferromagnetic NiFe by antiferromagnetic IrMn

Electric voltage generation by antiferromagnetic dynamics

Spin pumping and inverse spin Hall voltages from dynamical antiferromagnets

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