Relaxant effects of a hydroalcoholic extract of Ruta graveolens on isolated rat tracheal rings

Abstract

BackgroundRuta graveolens L. (R. graveolens) is a medicinal plant employed in non-traditional medicines that has various therapeutic properties, including anthelmintic, and vasodilatory actions, among others. We evaluated the trachea-relaxant effects of hydroalcoholic extract of R. graveolens against potassium chloride (KCl)- and carbachol-induced contraction of rat tracheal rings in an isolated organ bath.ResultsThe results showed that the airway smooth muscle contraction induced by the depolarizing agent (KCl) and cholinergic agonist (carbachol) was markedly reduced by R. graveolens in a concentration-dependent manner, with maximum values of 109 ± 7.9 % and 118 ± 2.6 %, respectively (changes in tension expressed as positive percentages of change in proportion to maximum contraction), at the concentration of 45 μg/mL (half-maximal inhibitory concentration IC50: 35.5 μg/mL and 27.8 μg/mL for KCl- and carbachol-induced contraction, respectively). Additionally, the presence of R. graveolens produced rightward parallel displacement of carbachol dose–response curves and reduced over 35 % of the maximum smooth muscle contraction.ConclusionsThe hydroalcoholic extract of R. graveolens exhibited relaxant activity on rat tracheal rings. The results suggest that the trachea-relaxant effect is mediated by a non-competitive antagonistic mechanism. More detailed studies are needed to identify the target of the inhibition, and to determine more precisely the pharmacological mechanisms involved in the observed biological effects.

The effects of medicinal plants on muscarinic receptors in various types of smooth muscle

“…The effect of four concentrations of aqueous‐ethanolic extract of R. graveolens (5, 15, 30, and 45 μg/ml) on rat tracheal smooth muscle showed a parallel rightward shift of concentration–response curves to carbachol and decrease in maximum response in the presence of the extract, which suggests the noncompetitive antagonistic effect of this plant on muscarinic receptors (Águila et al, ).…”

Plantas medicinais utilizadas no tratamento de doenças respiratórias crônicas: Período de 2010 a 2020

“…Dos artigos analisados 64,56% dos trabalhos utilizaram modelos in vivo, 20,25% modelos in vivo e in vitro, 13,92% apenas com modelo in vitro e 1,27% com modelos in vivo e in sílico (Figura 4). As investigações de fitoterapias para as DPOC utilizaram diversos modelos de indução, como indução com células pulmonares primarias humanas (1401, 5401 e 904) (Nabissi et al, 2018), células da linhagem A549 (Park et al, 2016;Lee et al, 2018;Lee et al, 2019), injeção de Lipopolissacarídeos (LPS) (Fan et al, 2018;Park et al, 2018;Zioud et al, 2019) contração da traqueia de ratos com KCl (Águila et al, 2015;Khan et al, 2015;Arefani et al, 2018), material particulado 2,5 μm (Chu et al, 2016;Zhang et al, 2017;Zhang et al, 2018), células RAW264.7 (Fan et al, 2018), ovalbumina (Shih et al, 2011) entre outros modelos, sendo comumente associados a um outro tipo de indutor. Mas os mais utilizados foram modelos com fumaça de cigarro, na forma de inalação o de extrato condensado (Zhao et al, 2019;Carvalho et al, 2020;Kennedy-Feitosa et al, 2020).…”

Phenolic Characterization Using cLC-DAD Analysis and Evaluation of In Vitro and In Vivo Pharmacological Activities of Ruta tuberculata Forssk

“…Overwhelming evidence has demonstrated that many factors, involving the genetic inheritance, extraction method and the solvent system concept, may affect the extraction yield and influence the diversity and nature of chemical contents between Ruta plants [ 12 , 24 , 40 ]. Indeed, the chemical proprieties of different secondary metabolite classes significantly influence their solubility and consequently their extractability yields [ 7 ].…”

“…This information could support completely our suggestion about the presence of great diversity of molecules, with chemical structure of phenol, that were identified in R. tuberculata aerial parts but possibly with differences in metabolite amounts when compared to the others Ruta species as reported in previous studies. In fact, the chemical composition of secondary metabolites and their contents in Ruta plants can vary under several factors such as genetic inheritance, location and semi-arid climatic conditions, the developmental stages of the plants, harvest season, used solvents and extraction method [ 12 , 18 , 24 , 43 ].…”

“…The Ruta genus belongs to the Rutaceae family and includes more than 1800 species, characterized by green foliage with yellow flowers, which preferentially grow in tropical and temperate regions. Among Ruta species, R. tuberculata is incorporated in Mediterranean traditional medicine and often used in Algeria to treat skin pathologies, gastric, intestinal diseases, rheumatism, diabetes and hypertension [ 11 , 12 ], but also to treat various neurological illness such as hysteria, vertigo and epilepsies, noting that their infused leaves are prescribed to prevent convulsion and other nervous disorders [ 11 ]. In addition, several studies have reported the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-ulcer, hepatoprotective and anti-Alzheimer effects of Ruta plants [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 13 ].…”