Relaxation and exchange dynamics of hyperpolarized <sup>129</sup>Xe in human blood

Norquay, Graham; Leung, General; Stewart, Neil J.; Tozer, Gillian M.; Wolber, Jan; Wild, Jim M.

doi:10.1002/mrm.25417

Cited by 41 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…These earlier studies suggested the following peak assignments: 187.2 ppm, muscle 19, 20, 21; 192.7 ppm, white matter (and soft‐tissue in this study) 18, 19, 20, 21; 195.6 ppm, gray matter 18, 19, 20, 21; 199.6 ppm, aqueous solution (cerebrospinal fluid, plasma, and interstitial fluid in this study) 10, 11, 24, 25, 26 and fat/lipid tissue outside the brain 19, 20; and 217.2 ppm, red blood cells 4, 10, 24, 26.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 65%

“…In the bloodstream, dissolved HP 129 Xe is transported to distal organs by the systemic blood circulation. The longitudinal relaxation time

T_{1}

of HP 129 Xe in the human blood is sufficiently long (6 s to 8 s for arterial‐oxygenated blood and 3 s to 4 s for venous‐deoxygenated blood) for it to be detected in the distal organs 10, 11, 12, 13.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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High resolution spectroscopy and chemical shift imaging of hyperpolarized ¹²⁹Xe dissolved in the human brain in vivo at 1.5 tesla

Rao

Stewart

Norquay

et al. 2016

Magnetic Resonance in Med

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PurposeUpon inhalation, xenon diffuses into the bloodstream and is transported to the brain, where it dissolves in various compartments of the brain. Although up to five chemically distinct peaks have been previously observed in 129Xe rat head spectra, to date only three peaks have been reported in the human head. This study demonstrates high resolution spectroscopy and chemical shift imaging (CSI) of 129Xe dissolved in the human head at 1.5 Tesla.MethodsA 129Xe radiofrequency coil was built in‐house and 129Xe gas was polarized using spin‐exchange optical pumping. Following the inhalation of 129Xe gas, NMR spectroscopy was performed with spectral resolution of 0.033 ppm. Two‐dimensional CSI in all three anatomical planes was performed with spectral resolution of 2.1 ppm and voxel size 20 mm × 20 mm.ResultsSpectra of hyperpolarized 129Xe dissolved in the human head showed five distinct peaks at 188 ppm, 192 ppm, 196 ppm, 200 ppm, and 217 ppm. Assignment of these peaks was consistent with earlier studies.ConclusionHigh resolution spectroscopy and CSI of hyperpolarized 129Xe dissolved in the human head has been demonstrated. For the first time, five distinct NMR peaks have been observed in 129Xe spectra from the human head in vivo. Magn Reson Med 75:2227–2234, 2016. © 2016 The Authors Magnetic Resonance in Medicine published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 65%

“…In the bloodstream, dissolved HP 129 Xe is transported to distal organs by the systemic blood circulation. The longitudinal relaxation time

T_{1}

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High resolution spectroscopy and chemical shift imaging of hyperpolarized ¹²⁹Xe dissolved in the human brain in vivo at 1.5 tesla

Rao

Stewart

Norquay

et al. 2016

Magnetic Resonance in Med

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“…Cryogenic separation complicates the operational procedures for clinical and preclinical hp 129 Xe MRI. For a number of applications a repeat noble gas delivery at high polarization and concentration levels is needed (6,(30)(31)(32)(33)(34)(35). Additionally, a very constant level of spin polarization is required for molecular imaging with hp 129 Xe biosensors using the hyperpolarized xenon chemical exchange saturation transfer (HyperCEST) methodology (17,(36)(37)(38).…”

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confidence: 99%

Molecular hydrogen and catalytic combustion in the production of hyperpolarized⁸³Kr and¹²⁹Xe MRI contrast agents

Rogers

Hill-Casey

Stupic

et al. 2016

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Hyperpolarized (hp) 83 Kr is a promising MRI contrast agent for the diagnosis of pulmonary diseases affecting the surface of the respiratory zone. However, the distinct physical properties of 83 Kr that enable unique MRI contrast also complicate the production of hp 83 Kr. This work presents a previously unexplored approach in the generation of hp 83 Kr that can likewise be used for the production of hp 129 Xe. Molecular nitrogen, typically used as buffer gas in spin-exchange optical pumping (SEOP), was replaced by molecular hydrogen without penalty for the achievable hyperpolarization. In this particular study, the highest obtained nuclear spin polarizations were P = 29% for 83 Kr and P = 63% for 129 Xe. The results were reproduced over many SEOP cycles despite the laser-induced on-resonance formation of rubidium hydride (RbH). Following SEOP, the H 2 was reactively removed via catalytic combustion without measurable losses in hyperpolarized spin state of either Xe can be obtained through dynamic nuclear polarization (25) with high spin-polarization levels of up to P = 30% (26) He-N 2 mixture or pure N 2 gas. The buffer gas serves a dual purpose as it prevents destructive radiation trapping, originating from radiative electronic relaxation of rubidium (27, 28), but also causes pressure broadening of the Rb D 1 linewidth. Rubidium line broadening maximizes adsorption of laser light emitted by high-power solid devices, even if those are line narrowed. Following SEOP, hp 129

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“…The kidney is one of the most well perfused organs in the body, receiving about 20% of the cardiac output through the descending aorta. With a T 1 in blood of approximately 8 seconds and a lung–kidney circulatory transit time of a few seconds, the dissolved 129 Xe can reach the kidneys sufficiently polarized for in vivo MR detection, as demonstrated previously in preliminary work at 1.5 T with MRI and dynamic spectroscopy…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 52%

Dissolved hyperpolarized xenon‐129 MRI in human kidneys

Chacon‐Caldera

Maunder

Rao

et al. 2019

Magnetic Resonance in Med

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Purpose To assess the feasibility of using dissolved hyperpolarized xenon‐129 (129Xe) MRI to study renal physiology in humans at 3 T. Methods Using a flexible transceiver RF coil, dynamic and spatially resolved 129Xe spectroscopy was performed in the abdomen after inhalation of hyperpolarized 129Xe gas with 3 healthy male volunteers. A transmit‐only receive‐only RF coil array was purpose‐built to focus RF excitation and enhance sensitivity for dynamic imaging of 129Xe uptake in the kidneys using spoiled gradient echo and balanced steady‐state sequences. Results Using spatially resolved spectroscopy, different magnitudes of signal from 129Xe dissolved in red blood cells and tissue/plasma could be identified in the kidneys and the aorta. The spectra from both kidneys showed peaks with similar amplitudes and chemical shift values. Imaging with the purpose‐built coil array was shown to provide more than a 3‐fold higher SNR in the kidneys when compared with surrounding tissues, while further physiological information from the dissolved 129Xe in the lungs and in transit to the kidneys was provided with the transceiver coil. The signal of dissolved hyperpolarized 129Xe could be imaged with both tested sequences for about 40 seconds after inhalation. Conclusion The uptake of 129Xe dissolved in the human kidneys was measured with spectroscopic and imaging experiments, demonstrating the potential of hyperpolarized 129Xe MR as a novel, noninvasive technique to image human kidney tissue perfusion.

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Relaxation and exchange dynamics of hyperpolarized ¹²⁹Xe in human blood

Abstract: The relaxation and exchange analysis performed in this study should provide a sound experimental basis upon which to design future MR experiments for dissolved xenon transport from the lungs to distal tissues.

Cited by 41 publications

References 37 publications

High resolution spectroscopy and chemical shift imaging of hyperpolarized ¹²⁹Xe dissolved in the human brain in vivo at 1.5 tesla

High resolution spectroscopy and chemical shift imaging of hyperpolarized ¹²⁹Xe dissolved in the human brain in vivo at 1.5 tesla

Molecular hydrogen and catalytic combustion in the production of hyperpolarized⁸³Kr and¹²⁹Xe MRI contrast agents

Dissolved hyperpolarized xenon‐129 MRI in human kidneys

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Relaxation and exchange dynamics of hyperpolarized 129Xe in human blood

Abstract: The relaxation and exchange analysis performed in this study should provide a sound experimental basis upon which to design future MR experiments for dissolved xenon transport from the lungs to distal tissues.

Cited by 41 publications

References 37 publications

High resolution spectroscopy and chemical shift imaging of hyperpolarized 129Xe dissolved in the human brain in vivo at 1.5 tesla

High resolution spectroscopy and chemical shift imaging of hyperpolarized 129Xe dissolved in the human brain in vivo at 1.5 tesla

Molecular hydrogen and catalytic combustion in the production of hyperpolarized83Kr and129Xe MRI contrast agents

Dissolved hyperpolarized xenon‐129 MRI in human kidneys

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Relaxation and exchange dynamics of hyperpolarized ¹²⁹Xe in human blood

High resolution spectroscopy and chemical shift imaging of hyperpolarized ¹²⁹Xe dissolved in the human brain in vivo at 1.5 tesla

High resolution spectroscopy and chemical shift imaging of hyperpolarized ¹²⁹Xe dissolved in the human brain in vivo at 1.5 tesla

Molecular hydrogen and catalytic combustion in the production of hyperpolarized⁸³Kr and¹²⁹Xe MRI contrast agents