Relaxin, CA-125, progesterone, estradiol, Schwangerschaft protein, and human chorionic gonadotropin as predictors of outcome in threatened and nonthreatened pregnancies

Witt, Barry R.; Wolf, Gordon C.; Wainwright, Carli J.; Johnston, Paul D.; Thorneycroft, Ian H.

doi:10.1016/s0015-0282(16)53580-8

Cited by 59 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…REL2 protein is predominantly expressed by the corpus luteum , and was extensively studied as a pregnancy hormone, with the levels exclusively measured by immunoassays. REL2 played a crucial role in preparing the birth canal for parturition , and was elevated in the first trimester , reaching its peak concentrations of 2.2 ng/mL. , Similar to alpha-fetoprotein, levels of REL2 in the subsequent second trimester decreased to 1–1.3 ng/mL. ,, Low levels of REL2 during pregnancy have been associated with recurrent miscarriage, toxemia of pregnancy, spontaneous abortion, ectopic pregnancy, and premature labor. − Those observations suggested that serum REL2 levels could serve as a potential marker of pregnancy complications, such as preeclampsia . In addition, REL2 has been suggested as a marker of ovarian cancer and a therapeutic target of ovarian cancer, fibrosis, and cardiovascular diseases. ,, Patients with serous adenocarcinoma had a median level of 78.1 pg/mL, a concentration well above the LOD of our IA-SRM assay (9.4 pg/mL).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification and Quantification of Human Relaxin Proteins by Immunoaffinity-Mass Spectrometry

Rais,

Drabovich

2024

J. Proteome Res.

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The human relaxins belong to the Insulin/IGF/Relaxin superfamily of peptide hormones, and their physiological function is primarily associated with reproduction. In this study, we focused on a prostate tissue-specific relaxin RLN1 (REL1_HUMAN protein) and a broader tissue specificity RLN2 (REL2_HUMAN protein). Due to their structural similarity, REL1 and REL2 proteins were collectively named a ‘human relaxin protein’ in previous studies and were exclusively measured by immunoassays. We hypothesized that the highly selective and sensitive immunoaffinity-selected reaction monitoring (IA-SRM) assays would reveal the identity and abundance of the endogenous REL1 and REL2 in biological samples and facilitate the evaluation of these proteins for diagnostic applications. High levels of RLN1 and RLN2 transcripts were found in prostate and breast cancer cell lines by RT-PCR. However, no endogenous prorelaxin-1 or mature REL1 were detected by IA-SRM in cell lines, seminal plasma, or blood serum. The IA-SRM assay of REL2 demonstrated its undetectable levels (<9.4 pg/mL) in healthy control female and male sera and relatively high levels of REL2 in maternal sera across different gestational weeks (median 331 pg/mL; N = 120). IA-SRM assays uncovered potential cross-reactivity and nonspecific binding for relaxin immunoassays. The developed IA-SRM assays will facilitate the investigation of the physiological and pathological roles of REL1 and REL2 proteins.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification and Quantification of Human Relaxin Proteins by Immunoaffinity-Mass Spectrometry

Rais,

Drabovich

2024

J. Proteome Res.

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“…Similar to alpha-fetoprotein, levels of REL2 in the subsequent second trimester decreases to 1-1.3 ng/ml 30,44,45 . Low levels of REL2 during pregnancy have been associated with recurrent miscarriage 41 , toxemia of pregnancy, spontaneous abortion, ectopic pregnancy, and premature labor [44][45][46] . Those observations suggested that serum REL2 levels could serve as a potential marker of pregnancy complications, such as preeclampsia 47 .…”

Section: Due To Immunoassay Cross-reactivity and Uncertainty About Ex...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification and quantification of human relaxin proteins by immunoaffinity-mass spectrometry

Rais,

Drabovich

2024

Preprint

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The human relaxins belong to the Insulin/IGF/Relaxin superfamily of peptide hormones, and their physiological function is primarily associated with reproduction. In this study, we focused on a prostate tissue-specific relaxin RLN1 (REL1_HUMAN protein), and a broader tissue specificity RLN2 (REL2_HUMAN). Due to their structural similarity, REL1 and REL2 proteins were collectively named a "human relaxin protein" in previous studies and were exclusively measured by immunoassays. We hypothesized that the highly selective and sensitive immunoaffinity-selected reaction monitoring (IA-SRM) assays could reveal the identity and concentration of REL1 and REL2 in biological samples and facilitate the evaluation of these proteins for diagnostic applications. RT-PCR revealed the high levels of RLN1 and RLN2 transcripts in prostate and breast cancer cell lines. However, no endogenous prorelaxin-1 or mature REL1 were detected by IA-SRM in numerous biological samples. IA-SRM assay of REL2 revealed its undetectable levels (<9 pg/mL) in control female and male sera, relatively high levels of REL2 in maternal sera (median 331 pg/mL, 120 patients), and a biphasic expression of REL2 across the gestational weeks. IA-SRM assays discovered potential cross-reactivity and false-positive measurements for relaxin immunoassays. The developed IA-SRM assays will facilitate the investigation of the physiological and pathological roles of REL1 and REL2 peptide hormones.

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Schwangerschafts protein 1 (SP1) adds little to the age-related detection of fetal Down syndrome in the first trimester of pregnancy

et al. 1998

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Schwangerschafts Protein 1 (SP1), being a placental protein appearing in the maternal circulation early in pregnancy, has been investigated as a potential marker for Down syndrome in the first trimester. Our study compared SP1 levels in 15 pregnancies with a Down syndrome fetus and 97 matched controls. Although the median MoM in Down syndrome pregnancies (0·49) was lower than in controls, its use as a marker added very little to the detection rate above the maternal age alone. Copyright © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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Relaxin, CA-125, progesterone, estradiol, Schwangerschaft protein, and human chorionic gonadotropin as predictors of outcome in threatened and nonthreatened pregnancies

Cited by 59 publications

References 21 publications

Identification and Quantification of Human Relaxin Proteins by Immunoaffinity-Mass Spectrometry

Identification and Quantification of Human Relaxin Proteins by Immunoaffinity-Mass Spectrometry

Identification and quantification of human relaxin proteins by immunoaffinity-mass spectrometry

Schwangerschafts protein 1 (SP1) adds little to the age-related detection of fetal Down syndrome in the first trimester of pregnancy

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