Relaxing intraoperative natural sound blunts haemodynamic change at the emergence from propofol general anaesthesia and increases the acceptability of anaesthesia to the patient

Abstract

These findings indicate that allowing patients comforting background sounds during general anaesthesia may blunt haemodynamic changes upon emergence from general anaesthesia and increase the acceptability of the experience of anaesthesia.

Effects of music on target‐controlled infusion of propofol requirements during combined spinal‐epidural anaesthesia*

“…Some investigators attributed this effect to a medical-musical phenomenon [5]. Although earlier studies reported significant changes in haemodynamic variables and peri-operative stress hormone release [9,10] in response to relaxing music, later studies could not replicate this effect [5,8]. It therefore seems that the subjective effects of music on stress are easy to duplicate but objective demonstration of an effect on physiological variables is harder to achieve [8].…”

“…It has been suggested that pain and auditory pathways inhibit each other [11]. Optimum activation of auditory pathways by external sound might therefore inhibit the central transmission of nociceptive stimuli [9]. Other studies have provided evidence to support the notion that the effects of music or sound as modulators of human response to surgical stress are also significant in unconscious patients under general anaesthesia [2,12,13].…”

“…In this respect, music as a non-pharmacological method has been confirmed to be safer [1][2][3]. Besides, it has been reported that listening to the same music chosen preoperatively may reduce the subliminal psychological stress originating from the unfamiliar environment of the operating theatre [4,9].…”

Does Listening to Music during Tonsillectomy Affect Sevoflurane Consumption?

“…Children are more afraid and sensitive as they are without their parents. Listening to music or sounds in the operating theatre masks such unpleasant ambient noise [20]. In the current study, patients started listening to music after induction of anesthesia and this prevented them from taking advantage of the relaxation effect.…”

“…There is further evidence that listening to music during anesthesia might improve postoperative recovery and reduce the need for analgesia [6, 7]. However, some studies did not confirm these benefits of intraoperative auditory stimuli [8, 9], and Migneult et al [10] found that music did not reduce the noroendocrine response to stress or the perioperative consumption of opioids.…”