Relaxometry for detecting free radical generation during Bacteria's response to antibiotics

Norouzi, Neda; Nusantara, Anggrek Citra; Ong, Yori; Hamoh, Thamir; Nie, Linyan; Morita, Aryan; Zhang, Yue; Mzyk, Aldona; Schirhagl, Romana

doi:10.1016/j.carbon.2022.08.025

Cited by 20 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“… 1 , 54 Recently, also the free radical generation upon bacterial exposure to antibiotics has been measured. 55 In this work, Norouzi et al showed that the radical load on single bacteria increases with an increase in the dose of antibiotics. High spatial resolution allows detection of free radical production in a very localized way, at the level of a single bacterial cell or even specific organelles, such as mitochondria 1 or acrosomes of sperm cells.…”

Section: Relaxometry Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 86%

“…Moreover, excellent biocompatibility of nanodiamonds makes it possible to bring those tiny sensors inside a living cell. Cells carrying nanodiamonds can then be exposed to varying conditions, such as changing flow rates of the medium or certain drugs that affect cell function. , Recently, also the free radical generation upon bacterial exposure to antibiotics has been measured . In this work, Norouzi et al showed that the radical load on single bacteria increases with an increase in the dose of antibiotics.…”

Section: Relaxometry Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 95%

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Relaxometry with Nitrogen Vacancy (NV) Centers in Diamond

2022

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Metrics & More Article RecommendationsCONSPECTUS: Relaxometry is a technique which makes use of a specific crystal lattice defect in diamond, the so-called NV center. This defect consists of a nitrogen atom, which replaces a carbon atom in the diamond lattice, and an adjacent vacancy. NV centers allow converting magnetic noise into optical signals, which dramatically increases the sensitivity of the readout, allowing for nanoscale resolution. Analogously to T1 measurements in conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), relaxometry allows the detection of different concentrations of paramagnetic species. However, since relaxometry allows very local measurements, the detected signals are from nanoscale voxels around the NV centers.As a result, it is possible to achieve subcellular resolutions and organelle specific measurements.A relaxometry experiment starts with polarizing the spins of NV centers in the diamond lattice, using a strong laser pulse. Afterward the laser is switched off and the NV centers are allowed to stochastically decay into the equilibrium mix of different magnetic states. The polarized configuration exhibits stronger fluorescence than the equilibrium state, allowing one to optically monitor this transition and determine its rate. This process happens faster at higher levels of magnetic noise. Alternatively, it is possible to conduct T1 relaxation measurements from the dark to the bright equilibrium by applying a microwave pulse which brings NV centers into the −1 state instead of the 0 state. One can record a spectrum of T1 at varying strengths of the applied magnetic field. This technique is called cross-relaxometry. Apart from detecting magnetic signals, responsive coatings can be applied which render T1 sensitive to other parameters as pH, temperature, or electric field. Depending on the application there are three different ways to conduct relaxometry experiments: relaxometry in moving or stationary nanodiamonds, scanning magnetometry, and relaxometry in a stationary bulk diamond with a stationary sample on top.In this Account, we present examples for various relaxometry modes as well as their advantages and limitations. Due to the simplicity and low cost of the approach, relaxometry has been implemented in many different instruments and for a wide range of applications.Herein we review the progress that has been achieved in physics, chemistry, and biology. Many articles in this field have a proof-ofprinciple character, and the full potential of the technology still waits to be unfolded. With this Account, we would like to stimulate discourse on the future of relaxometry.

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Section: Relaxometry Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 86%

Section: Relaxometry Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Relaxometry with Nitrogen Vacancy (NV) Centers in Diamond

2022

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“…In this sensing scheme, magnetic noise caused by unpaired electronic spins leads to an increase in the NV center relaxation, probed by the spin-state-depended fluorescence. NV-T 1 relaxometry has been successfully applied to study, i.e., the cellular response to antibiotics [44] and viral infections [45], or to monitor chemical reactions in situ [46]. The measurement of T 1 relaxometry of paramagnetic species has also been demonstrated under physiological conditions [25,26].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microfluidic quantum sensing platform for lab-on-a-chip applications

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Bruckmaier

Neuling

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Lab-on-a-chip (LOC) applications have emerged as an invaluable tools in physical and life sciences. However, LOC applications require extensive sensor miniaturization to leverage their full potential. In recent years, novel atom-sized quantum sensors have enabled measurements of temperature, electric and magnetic fields on the nano- to microscale. Nevertheless, the technical complexity of both disciplines has so far impeded an uncompromising combination of LOC and quantum sensors. Here, we present a fully integrated microfluidic platform for solid-state spin quantum sensors, such as the nitrogen-vacancy (NV) center in diamond. Our platform fulfills all technical requirements, such as fast spin manipulation, enabling full quantum sensing capabilities, biocompatibility, and easy adaptability to arbitrary channel and chip geometries. To illustrate the vast potential of quantum sensors in LOC devices, we demonstrate various NV center-based magnetic resonance experiments for chemical analysis in our microfluidic platform. We anticipate our microfluidic quantum sensing platform as a novel tool for electrochemistry, high throughput reaction screening, bioanalytics or organ-on-a-chip, and single-cell studies.

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“…In this sensing scheme, magnetic noise caused by unpaired electronic spins leads to an increase in the NV center relaxation, probed by the spin-state-depended fluorescence. NV-T 1 relaxometry has been successfully applied to study, i.e., the cellular response to antibiotics [47] and viral infections [48], or to monitor chemical reactions in situ [49]. The measurement of T 1 relaxometry of paramagnetic species has also been demonstrated under physiological conditions [25,26].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microfluidic quantum sensing platform for lab-on-a-chip applications

Allert

Bruckmaier

Neuling

et al. 2022

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Lab-on-a-chip (LOC) applications have emerged as invaluable physical and life sciences tools. The advantages stem from advanced system miniaturization, thus, requiring far less sample volume while allowing for complex functionality, increased reproducibility, and high throughput. However, LOC applications necessitate extensive sensor miniaturization to leverage these inherent advantages fully. Atom-sized quantum sensors are highly promising to bridge this gap and have enabled measurements of temperature, electric and magnetic fields on the nano- to microscale. Nevertheless, the technical complexity of both disciplines has so far impeded an uncompromising combination of LOC systems and quantum sensors. Here, we present a fully integrated microfluidic platform for solid-state spin quantum sensors, such as the nitrogen-vacancy (NV) center in diamond. Our platform fulfills all technical requirements, such as fast spin manipulation, enabling full quantum sensing capabilities, biocompatibility, and easy adaptability to arbitrary channel and chip geometries. To illustrate the vast potential of quantum sensors in LOC systems, we demonstrate various NV center-based sensing modalities for chemical analysis in our microfluidic platform, ranging from paramagnetic ion detection to high-resolution microscale NV-NMR. Consequently, our work opens the door for novel chemical analysis capabilities within LOC devices with applications in electrochemistry, high throughput reaction screening, bioanalytics, organ-on-a-chip, or single-cell studies.

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Relaxometry for detecting free radical generation during Bacteria's response to antibiotics

Cited by 20 publications

References 56 publications

Relaxometry with Nitrogen Vacancy (NV) Centers in Diamond

Relaxometry with Nitrogen Vacancy (NV) Centers in Diamond

Microfluidic quantum sensing platform for lab-on-a-chip applications

Microfluidic quantum sensing platform for lab-on-a-chip applications

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