“…The results showed that all samples showed good correlation, which further confirmed the above analysis. The activation energies of the grain ( E g ) and the grain boundary ( E gb ) of the system were estimated by fitting the data with the formula: 49
, ( R , R 0 , E rel , and k B are the resistance, the constant, the activation energy, and the Boltzmann constant, respectively), and the results are shown in Fig. 4(e) and (f).…”